A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing warfarin toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer?
Protamine sulfate
Vitamin K
Calcium gluconate
Acetylcysteine
The Correct Answer is B
A. Protamine sulfate: Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not warfarin. Administering it in warfarin toxicity would not effectively counteract the anticoagulant effect and could delay appropriate treatment.
B. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin toxicity. It promotes synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are inhibited by warfarin, helping to restore normal coagulation and reduce the risk of bleeding.
C. Calcium gluconate: Calcium gluconate is primarily used to treat hypocalcemia or cardiac effects of hyperkalemia. It does not reverse warfarin-induced anticoagulation and would not address the underlying risk of bleeding.
D. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity and works by replenishing glutathione. It has no effect on warfarin metabolism or clotting factor synthesis, making it inappropriate for this scenario.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperthermia: Cocaine is a stimulant that increases sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to elevated body temperature, tachycardia, and hypertension. Hyperthermia is a common acute effect of cocaine use.
B. Increased appetite: Cocaine typically suppresses appetite due to its stimulant effects on the central nervous system. Clients often experience decreased hunger rather than increased appetite.
C. Sedation: Cocaine use generally causes CNS stimulation, resulting in agitation, restlessness, or insomnia rather than sedation. Sedative effects are more characteristic of depressant substances.
D. Hypotension: Cocaine causes vasoconstriction and sympathetic stimulation, which usually leads to elevated blood pressure. Hypotension is not expected and may indicate a complication or co-ingestion of another substance.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. “I will need to remain upright for 1 hour after taking the medication.”: Remaining upright after taking medication is typically recommended for medications that may cause esophageal irritation, such as certain tablets or NSAIDs, but pantoprazole does not require this. Upright positioning is not necessary specifically for proton pump inhibitors.
B. “I have to take this medication on an empty stomach.”: Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is best absorbed when taken 30–60 minutes before a meal. Taking it on an empty stomach enhances its effectiveness in reducing gastric acid secretion and managing GERD symptoms.
C. “I can take antacids at the same time as this medication.”: Antacids can be taken with pantoprazole, but it is generally recommended to separate the timing by at least 30 minutes to avoid affecting the absorption and effectiveness of the proton pump inhibitor.
D. “I should expect to have diarrhea while taking this medication.”: While diarrhea can be a potential side effect of pantoprazole, it is not expected for every client. Most clients tolerate the medication well without gastrointestinal upset.
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