A nurse is caring for a client who is at the end of life. Which of the following interventions is most effective in reducing the client's social isolation?

Explanation:

A. Pharmaceutical sales representatives: While pharmaceutical sales representatives may provide promotional materials and product information, their primary goal is to promote specific medications. Their information may be biased and may not always reflect an objective assessment of drug efficacy, safety, or appropriateness.

B. Published journals: Peer-reviewed journals and reputable publications are excellent sources of evidence-based information on medications. They often contain studies, reviews, and updates on drug efficacy, safety, interactions, and guidelines.

C. Pharmacists: Pharmacists are highly trained professionals who specialize in medications. They can provide valuable information regarding drug interactions, dosages, administration, side effects, contraindications, and patient education. Pharmacists are reliable sources for clarifying medication-related inquiries.

D. Internet: While the internet can provide a wealth of information, it is crucial to use reputable and evidence-based websites when searching for medication information. Many websites may contain inaccurate, outdated, or misleading information. Healthcare professionals should use caution and verify information obtained from online sources.

E. Physicians Desk Reference (PDR): The Physicians Desk Reference is a comprehensive reference book that contains detailed information on prescription drugs, including indications, dosages, interactions, adverse effects, and warnings. It is a trusted resource commonly used by healthcare professionals.

Explanation:

A. Medical condition:

Including the client's medical condition in the Situation component of the ISBARR communication tool is important because it provides an overview of the client's health status. This may include a brief description of the primary diagnosis, current symptoms, or any significant changes in the client's condition since the last shift. It helps the receiving nurse understand the context and urgency of the report.

B. Treatment:

While treatment information is crucial for providing comprehensive care to the client, it is typically included in the Background or Assessment components of the ISBARR communication tool. The Situation component focuses on summarizing the client's current status rather than detailing specific treatments or interventions.

C. Vital signs:

Vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation, are essential clinical data. However, they are usually included in the Assessment component of the ISBARR communication tool, where the nurse provides a detailed assessment of the client's physiological parameters and trends.

D. List of medications:

Similar to treatment information, a list of medications is typically included in the Background or Assessment components of the ISBARR communication tool. It is important for the receiving nurse to know what medications the client is taking, including doses, frequencies, and any recent changes, but this information is more detailed and specific than what is typically included in the Situation component.