A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about the steps of critical thinking. The nurse should include that interpreting data is included in which of the following steps?

Explanation:

A. "Reporting is voluntary for health care workers."

This statement is incorrect. Reporting child abuse is not voluntary for healthcare workers; it is a legal requirement in many jurisdictions. Failure to report suspected abuse can lead to legal and professional consequences.

B. "Civil liability can result if the abuse can't be proven."

While civil liability may be a concern in some situations, it is not the primary reason for reporting child abuse. The main purpose of reporting is to ensure the safety and well-being of the child, not to prove abuse in a legal sense.

C. "Evidence of abuse must be collected prior to reporting."

This statement is incorrect. While collecting evidence can be important in legal proceedings, it is not the responsibility of healthcare workers to collect evidence of abuse before reporting. Suspected cases of abuse should be reported promptly to the appropriate authorities, who are responsible for investigating and gathering evidence.

D. "If suspicion of abuse exists then reporting is mandatory."

This statement correctly reflects the legal and ethical obligation of healthcare workers to report suspected cases of child abuse. Healthcare professionals are mandated reporters, which means they are required by law to report any suspicion of child abuse or neglect, even if there is no concrete evidence. Reporting is not voluntary for healthcare workers, and failure to report suspected abuse can result in serious consequences, including legal penalties and professional sanctions.

Explanation:

A. Battery: Battery refers to intentional harmful or offensive touching without consent. In the context of healthcare, it usually involves physical contact or procedures performed without the patient's consent. An inadvertent medication error, even if it causes harm, does not typically constitute battery unless there was an intentional act of administering the wrong medication against the patient's will.

B. Assault: Assault is the threat of harmful or offensive contact. It involves creating a reasonable apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact in the patient's mind. An inadvertent medication error, while it may cause harm, does not typically constitute assault unless there was an intentional threat of harm made to the patient.

C. Abuse: Abuse involves the intentional mistreatment or harm of another person. An inadvertent medication error is not considered abuse unless there was an intentional act to harm the patient.

D. Malpractice: Malpractice refers to professional negligence or failure to provide the standard of care expected in a particular profession, such as nursing. In the scenario described, the inadvertent medication error resulting in a severe allergic reaction and prolonging the client's hospitalization could be considered a case of malpractice. The nurse failed to meet the standard of care expected in administering medications safely, leading to harm to the patient.