A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion.
Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?

Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled

Regulation of catecholamines circulating throughout the body

Regulation of how much blood is pumped from the heart

Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled can affect cerebral blood flow, but it does not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice B rationale
Catecholamines circulating throughout the body can affect blood pressure and heart rate, but they do not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.

Choice C rationale
How much blood is pumped from the heart, also known as cardiac output, can affect cerebral perfusion pressure. However, it does not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice D rationale
Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain, also known as cerebral autoregulation, is a key mechanism that maintains cerebral perfusion pressure constant. When pressure autoregulation is impaired, cerebral blood flow becomes dependent on cerebral perfusion pressure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure. While it can be used in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is not primarily used to decrease intracranial pressure.
Choice B rationale

Dopamine is a type of medication used to treat certain conditions such as low blood pressure, heart failure, and Parkinson’s disease. It is not typically used to decrease intracranial pressure in the context of a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Choice C rationale
Mannitol is a type of medication that is used to decrease intracranial pressure. It works by drawing fluid out of the brain to help reduce swelling.
Choice D rationale
Phenytoin is a medication used to control seizures. While it can be used in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is not primarily used to decrease intracranial pressure. Migraine Explore

A. A contrecoup injury is not viewed as a “true” injury, while a coup injury can have more severe consequences. B. Contrecoup injuries are generally less severe and heal more quickly over time. C. The coup injury is the primary point of injury, with the contrecoup injury occurring on the brain’s opposite side. D. The coup injury happens secondary to the contrecoup injury but does not impact the brain’s blood supply.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
A contrecoup injury is indeed a “true” injury. It occurs on the side of the brain opposite to the point of impact and can have severe consequences, including brain damage. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Choice B rationale
The severity and healing time of contrecoup injuries can vary greatly depending on the force and location of the impact, as well as individual health factors. It’s not accurate to say that contrecoup injuries are generally less severe and heal more quickly over time.
Choice C rationale
This statement is correct. A coup injury refers to the brain damage that occurs directly under the point of impact, while a contrecoup injury occurs on the opposite side of the brain from

where the head is struck. These injuries can occur separately or together, but if the blow is strong enough, they usually appear together.
Choice D rationale
The sequence of coup and contrecoup injuries is not as this choice describes. The coup injury happens at the point of impact, and the contrecoup injury happens when the brain rebounds and hits the opposite side of the skull. Both types of injuries can impact the brain’s blood supply.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion. Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?

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A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion.
Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?