A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion.
Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?

Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled

Regulation of catecholamines circulating throughout the body

Regulation of how much blood is pumped from the heart

Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled can affect cerebral blood flow, but it does not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice B rationale
Catecholamines circulating throughout the body can affect blood pressure and heart rate, but they do not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.

Choice C rationale
How much blood is pumped from the heart, also known as cardiac output, can affect cerebral perfusion pressure. However, it does not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice D rationale
Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain, also known as cerebral autoregulation, is a key mechanism that maintains cerebral perfusion pressure constant. When pressure autoregulation is impaired, cerebral blood flow becomes dependent on cerebral perfusion pressure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Smoking is a risk factor for many health conditions, including headaches. However, it is not a common precipitating factor in both tension-type and cluster headaches.
Choice B rationale
Depression can be associated with both tension-type and cluster headaches, but it is not a common precipitating factor for these types of headaches.

Choice C rationale
Stress is a common precipitating factor for both tension-type and cluster headaches. Both types of headaches can be triggered by psychological factors like stress.
Choice D rationale
Poor posture can contribute to tension-type headaches by causing muscle tension in the neck and shoulders. However, it is not a common precipitating factor for cluster headaches.

A. “The nerves just go to sleep when I lie down because no message gets from my brain to the spinal cord.”. B. “The nerve damage may occur for unknown reasons in any individual.”. C. “The older I get, the less blood flows to my feet.”. D. “The elevated blood sugar from my diabetes can cause underlying nerve damage.”.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
This statement is incorrect. Nerves do not “go to sleep.”. Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes is caused by damage to the nerves as a result of high blood sugar levels over time.
Choice B rationale
This statement is incorrect. While nerve damage can occur due to various reasons, in the context of diabetes, it is primarily due to prolonged high blood sugar levels.
Choice C rationale
This statement is incorrect. Age and blood flow to the feet are not the primary causes of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes. The primary cause is prolonged high blood sugar levels.
Choice D rationale
This statement is correct. Prolonged high blood sugar levels in diabetes can cause damage to the peripheral nerves, leading to peripheral neuropathy.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion. Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

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A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion.
Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?