A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a neurologic injury with increased intracranial pressure and decreased cerebral perfusion.
Which of the following will maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant?
Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled
Regulation of catecholamines circulating throughout the body
Regulation of how much blood is pumped from the heart
Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Regulation of the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled can affect cerebral blood flow, but it does not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice B rationale
Catecholamines circulating throughout the body can affect blood pressure and heart rate, but they do not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice C rationale
How much blood is pumped from the heart, also known as cardiac output, can affect cerebral perfusion pressure. However, it does not directly maintain cerebral perfusion pressure constant.
Choice D rationale
Regulation of constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain, also known as cerebral autoregulation, is a key mechanism that maintains cerebral perfusion pressure constant. When pressure autoregulation is impaired, cerebral blood flow becomes dependent on cerebral perfusion pressure.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cancer pain is usually associated with the growth of a tumor or the side effects of cancer treatment. Phantom limb pain is not related to cancer.
Choice B rationale
Phantom limb pain is considered a type of neuropathic pain. This is because it is associated with nerve damage or malfunctioning nerves in the area where the limb was amputated.
Choice C rationale
Chronic pain is a broad term that refers to any pain that lasts for more than 12 weeks. While phantom limb pain can become chronic, this term does not specifically describe the type of pain experienced in phantom limb syndrome.
Choice D rationale
Acute pain is a type of pain that comes on suddenly and has a specific cause, usually related to tissue damage. Phantom limb pain is not considered acute pain because it is not related to new tissue damage.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bruising over the mastoid process, also known as Battle’s sign, is a classic clinical sign of a basilar skull fracture.
Choice B rationale
Pooling of blood and edema around the eyes, or ‘raccoon eyes’, is another sign of a basilar skull fracture.
Choice C rationale
The ability to recall how the injury occurred is not directly related to the presence of a basilar skull fracture. Memory loss or confusion could be symptoms of a traumatic brain injury, but they are not specific to a basilar skull fracture.
Choice D rationale
Chvostek’s sign is a clinical sign of hypocalcemia, not a basilar skull fracture
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