A nurse is caring for a client who had a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which of the following manifestations indicate a mild TBI?

Persistent headache and aggression

Headache and confusion

Loss of vision and depression

Seizures and extremity weakness

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Persistent headache and aggression: While persistent headache and aggression can occur following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), these symptoms are not specific to mild TBI. Aggression is more commonly associated with severe TBI, and persistent headache can occur across the spectrum of TBI severity.

B. Headache and confusion: Headache and confusion are common manifestations of mild TBI. Following a mild TBI, individuals often experience headache, which may be mild to moderate in intensity. Confusion, disorientation, and difficulty concentrating are also typical symptoms of mild TBI due to the transient disruption of cognitive function.

C. Loss of vision and depression: Loss of vision and depression are less commonly associated with mild TBI. These manifestations may occur in more severe cases of TBI or with specific types of brain injury affecting visual pathways. However, they are not typically indicative of mild TBI.

D. Seizures and extremity weakness: Seizures and extremity weakness are more indicative of moderate to severe TBI rather than mild TBI. While mild TBI may result in brief loss of consciousness, seizures and significant extremity weakness are less characteristic of mild TBI and are more commonly observed with more severe brain injuries.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Loss of sensation and cognition difficulties: Secondary conditions commonly associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) include sensory impairments such as loss of sensation, as well as cognitive difficulties such as memory loss, attention deficits, and impaired executive functioning. These issues arise due to the damage to brain tissue caused by the initial injury and can have significant impacts on the client's overall function and quality of life.

B. Development of emotional disorders and acute pain : While emotional disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common following TBI, acute pain is not typically considered a primary secondary condition associated with TBI. Chronic pain may develop as a secondary condition, but acute pain is more often associated with the immediate aftermath of the injury.

C. Body dysmorphia and neurofibrillary tangles : Body dysmorphia, a condition characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance, and neurofibrillary tangles, abnormal protein aggregates found in the brains of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, are not typically associated with TBI.

D. Decreased appetite and a lack of sleep : While changes in appetite and sleep disturbances may occur as secondary symptoms of TBI, they are not as commonly anticipated as loss of sensation and cognition difficulties. These issues may arise due to disruptions in brain function or changes in lifestyle following the injury.

A. A decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration B. A decrease in heart rate greater than 10/min when lying down C. An increase in diastolic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration D. An increase in heart rate greater than 20/min when standing

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A decrease in systolic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration: Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration. Normally, there is a slight decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration due to increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased venous return to the heart. However, in conditions such as cardiac tamponade or severe asthma exacerbations, the decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration is more pronounced (>10 mm Hg), indicating impaired cardiac output and decreased left ventricular filling during inspiration.

B. A decrease in heart rate greater than 10/min when lying down: This finding is not indicative of pulsus paradoxus. Pulsus paradoxus primarily refers to changes in systolic blood pressure during inspiration rather than alterations in heart rate when lying down.

C. An increase in diastolic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration: This finding is not indicative of pulsus paradoxus. Pulsus paradoxus is characterized by an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration, not changes in diastolic blood pressure.

D. An increase in heart rate greater than 20/min when standing: This finding is not indicative of pulsus paradoxus. Pulsus paradoxus primarily refers to changes in systolic blood pressure during inspiration rather than alterations in heart rate when standing.

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A nurse is caring for a client who had a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which of the following manifestations indicate a mild TBI?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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