A nurse is teaching a client who has dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) about this condition. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching?

"Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles."

"Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty:'

"Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles."

"Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles": Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the dilation or enlargement of the heart's chambers, particularly the ventricles. This dilation results in weakened myocardial contraction and impaired systolic function. The primary cause of DCM is often idiopathic (unknown), but it can also be secondary to various factors such as genetics, infections, toxins, or systemic diseases. The statement correctly identifies the pathophysiological basis of DCM as excessive stretching or dilation of the ventricles, leading to impaired cardiac function.

B. "Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty": This statement is incorrect. Fibrous and fatty changes in ventricular tissue are characteristic of another type of cardiomyopathy known as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), not dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In DCM, the primary abnormality is dilation of the heart chambers rather than fibrous and fatty changes in the myocardium.

C. "Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles": This statement describes restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), not dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the ventricular walls become stiff and rigid, impairing diastolic filling and ventricular relaxation. However, in DCM, the primary abnormality is dilation or enlargement of the ventricles rather than stiffening of the ventricular walls.

D. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum": This statement describes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), not dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In HCM, there is abnormal thickening of the ventricular walls and septum, leading to reduced chamber size and impaired diastolic filling. However, in DCM, the primary abnormality is dilation or enlargement of the ventricles rather than thickening of the ventricular walls.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Muscular aches in the leg: Muscular aches in the leg are not typically indicative of an impending cardiac arrest. While leg pain or cramping can be associated with peripheral vascular disease or venous insufficiency, they are not specific signs of cardiac arrest.

B. Profound fatigue: Profound fatigue can be a warning sign of an impending cardiac arrest. Fatigue or weakness can result from inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle, which may occur prior to a cardiac event. Additionally, systemic effects of cardiovascular compromise can lead to generalized weakness and fatigue.

C. Severe headache: While severe headache can be associated with conditions such as hypertension or intracranial bleeding, it is not a typical manifestation of an impending cardiac arrest. Headaches may occur as a result of stress or anxiety related to the cardiac event, but they are not a direct warning sign of impending cardiac arrest.

D. Ringing in the ears: Ringing in the ears, also known as tinnitus, is not typically associated with an impending cardiac arrest. Tinnitus can result from various factors such as noise exposure, ear infections, or certain medications, but it is not considered a warning sign of impending cardiac arrest.

A. Severe myopia B. Vertigo C. Anosmia D. Photopsia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Severe myopia: Severe myopia, or nearsightedness, is not a typical manifestation of Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease primarily affects the inner ear and is characterized by symptoms related to balance and hearing rather than vision.

B. Vertigo: Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, which is a sensation of spinning or dizziness. Vertigo is a hallmark symptom of Meniere's disease and is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear.

C. Anosmia: Anosmia refers to a loss of the sense of smell and is not typically associated with Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease primarily affects the vestibular system (balance) and auditory system (hearing) rather than the sense of smell.

D. Photopsia: Photopsia refers to the perception of flashes of light in the visual field and is not a typical manifestation of Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease primarily affects the inner ear and is not directly related to visual disturbances.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) about this condition. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching?

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