A nurse is assessing a client who has Lewy body dementia. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is responsible for changes in thinking, communication, movement, and emotional processing in Lewy body dementia?

Tau protein

Neurofibrillary tangles

Alpha-synuclein protein

Beta-amyloid protein

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Tau protein: Tau protein is primarily associated with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, not Lewy body dementia.

B. Neurofibrillary tangles: Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein found in Alzheimer's disease, not typically in Lewy body dementia.

C. Alpha-synuclein protein: Lewy bodies, which are abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein, are a hallmark pathology of Lewy body dementia. These protein aggregates disrupt neuronal function and are responsible for the cognitive, motor, and emotional symptoms seen in Lewy body dementia.

D. Beta-amyloid protein: Beta-amyloid protein is primarily associated with Alzheimer's disease, not Lewy body dementia. It forms plaques in the brain, which contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Restlessness: Restlessness is a common behavioral manifestation in clients with Alzheimer's disease. It can be caused by various factors, including confusion, agitation, discomfort, or unmet needs. Restlessness may manifest as pacing, fidgeting, or difficulty sitting still.

B. Aggression: Aggression, including verbal or physical aggression, is a behavioral manifestation that can occur in clients with Alzheimer's disease. Aggression may result from frustration, confusion, fear, or other underlying factors. It can present challenges for both the individual with Alzheimer's and their caregivers.

C. Depression: Depression is a mood disorder that can occur in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Symptoms of depression may include persistent sadness, feelings of hopelessness, social withdrawal, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. Depression can exacerbate cognitive decline and functional impairment in individuals with Alzheimer's.

D. Hyperactivity: Hyperactivity, characterized by excessive or restless activity, can occur in some individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Hyperactivity may be a manifestation of agitation, anxiety, or other underlying factors. It can present challenges for caregivers and may require interventions to manage.

E. Lethargy: Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and lack of energy, can also occur in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Lethargy may result from physical and cognitive decline, medication side effects, depression, or other medical conditions. It can contribute to decreased engagement in activities and worsening of cognitive function.

A. Synchronized electrical cardioversion B. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) C. Heart catheterization with percutaneous intervention D. Echocardiogram

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Synchronized electrical cardioversion: Synchronized electrical cardioversion is a procedure used to restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with certain types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. However, it is not typically indicated for all patients with worsening heart failure and arrhythmias.

B. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT): CRT, also known as biventricular pacing, involves the placement of a specialized pacemaker device to improve the coordination of contractions between the heart's chambers. It is often used in patients with heart failure and arrhythmias to help regulate the rhythm and improve cardiac function.

C. Heart catheterization with percutaneous intervention: Heart catheterization with percutaneous intervention, such as angioplasty or stent placement, is used to treat coronary artery disease by opening narrowed or blocked blood vessels. While coronary artery disease may contribute to heart failure, this procedure specifically targets the coronary arteries rather than arrhythmias.

D. Echocardiogram : An echocardiogram is a diagnostic test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. While an echocardiogram may provide valuable information about the heart's condition in a patient with heart failure and arrhythmias, it is not a procedure used to regulate the rhythm directly.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has Lewy body dementia. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is responsible for changes in thinking, communication, movement, and emotional processing in Lewy body dementia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating the family of a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The nurse should be sure to communicate that which of the following behavioral manifestations can occur in clients with Alzheimer’s disease? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a client who has worsening heart failure and is experiencing arrhythmias. Which of the following procedures should the nurse anticipate the client will require to regulate the rhythm?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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