A nurse is collecting data from a client related to changes in vision. Which of the following statements indicates that the client might be developing a cataract?

"I can't see anything from the sides of my eyes."

"My vision is almost gone from the center part of my eye."

"My contact lenses just don't fit like they used to."

"l keep seeing flashes of lights moving around in my eye."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "I can't see anything from the sides of my eyes." This statement suggests a visual field deficit, which may be indicative of conditions affecting peripheral vision, such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, or optic nerve disorders. It is not a typical symptom of cataracts.

B. "My vision is almost gone from the center part of my eye." This statement indicates a central visual impairment, which is a common symptom of cataracts. Cataracts cause clouding of the lens, leading to blurred or dimmed vision, especially in the center of the visual field. This symptom often progresses gradually over time.

C. "My contact lenses just don't fit like they used to." This statement suggests discomfort or fit issues with contact lenses and is not specifically indicative of cataracts. It may be related to changes in the shape or health of the cornea, conjunctiva, or tear film.

D. "I keep seeing flashes of lights moving around in my eye." Flashes of light in the visual field are not typical symptoms of cataracts. They may indicate other ocular conditions such as vitreous detachment, migraines with aura, or retinal disorders.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Third spacing: Third spacing refers to the shifting of fluid from the intravascular space into the interstitial space, leading to decreased circulating volume. While third spacing can contribute to hypovolemic shock, it is not specific to obstructive shock.

B. Cardiomyopathy: Cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by abnormalities in the heart muscle structure and function. While cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure, it is not directly associated with obstructive shock.

C. Cardiac tamponade: Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and impairing its ability to fill properly. This condition can lead to obstructive shock due to decreased cardiac output. Signs and symptoms include hypotension, muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, and pulsus paradoxus.

D. Ruptured aneurysm: A ruptured aneurysm can lead to hypovolemic shock due to acute blood loss. While it can cause significant hemodynamic instability, it is not a characteristic diagnosis of obstructive shock.

A. Creatine kinase (CK) test B. Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) test C. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test D. Troponin T test

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Creatine kinase (CK) test: While creatine kinase isoenzymes, including CK-MB, can be elevated following myocardial infarction (MI), they are not specific to cardiac muscle injury. CK is found in various tissues throughout the body, so elevated levels can also indicate damage to skeletal muscle or brain tissue, among other sources.

B. Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) test: CK-MB is a cardiac-specific isoform of creatine kinase, and elevated levels can indicate myocardial injury, particularly in the context of an acute MI. However, troponin T is a more sensitive and specific marker for myocardial injury.

C. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test: Brain natriuretic peptide is primarily used in the diagnosis and management of heart failure. While elevated BNP levels can indicate heart muscle strain or stress, they are not specific markers for acute myocardial infarction or early injury to the cardiac muscle.

D. Troponin T test: This is the correct answer. Troponin T is a highly specific marker for cardiac muscle injury. Elevated troponin levels can be detected within hours of myocardial infarction and persist for several days, making it an essential tool in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction. Troponin T is considered one of the gold standard biomarkers for detecting early injury to the cardiac muscle.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client related to changes in vision. Which of the following statements indicates that the client might be developing a cataract?

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