A nurse is teaching the caregiver of a client who has dementia. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse identify as increasing with the progression of the disorder? (Select All that Apply.)

Hallucinations

Paranoia

Lethargy

Impulsivity

Disregard for caregiver's feelings

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Hallucinations: As dementia progresses, especially in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, sensory perceptions can become distorted, leading to hallucinations, where the person perceives things that are not present.

B. Paranoia: Paranoia, or irrational suspicions and mistrust, often increases as dementia progresses. The person may become increasingly fearful or suspicious of others, even caregivers or family members.

C. Lethargy: While lethargy can be a symptom of dementia, it is more commonly associated with the earlier stages of the disorder when the person may experience apathy, lack of interest, and reduced energy levels. As the disease progresses, other behavioral changes like agitation or restlessness may become more prominent.

D. Impulsivity: Impulsivity, or acting without forethought or consideration of consequences, can increase as dementia progresses, particularly in certain types of dementia like frontotemporal dementia. This can manifest as impulsive behaviors such as excessive spending, inappropriate social behavior, or risky actions.

E. Disregard for caregiver's feelings: As dementia advances, the person's ability to empathize or recognize the feelings and needs of others may decline. They may become increasingly self-focused or unaware of the impact of their actions on caregivers, leading to behaviors that disregard or overlook the caregiver's feelings and well-being.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Comply with compression therapy: Compression therapy is commonly used in the management of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), not valvular heart disease. It involves applying external pressure to the limbs to improve circulation and reduce edema. While this intervention may be relevant for a client with PVD, it is not specific to valvular heart disease.

B. Monitor wounds on lower extremities: Monitoring wounds on lower extremities is important for clients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) to assess for signs of poor wound healing, infection, or tissue ischemia. However, it is not directly related to valvular heart disease. Therefore, while wound monitoring may be appropriate for this client, it is not specific to valvular heart disease education.

C. Take antiplatelet medications as ordered: Antiplatelet medications, such as aspirin or clopidogrel, are commonly prescribed for clients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) to reduce the risk of thrombotic events and improve blood flow. However, they are not typically indicated as a primary treatment for valvular heart disease. While some clients with valvular heart disease may have comorbidities that warrant antiplatelet therapy, it is not specific to valvular heart disease education.

D. Valvular heart disease involves dysfunction of one or more heart valves, leading to impaired blood flow within the heart. The nurse should educate the client on monitoring for the gradual onset of symptoms related to valvular heart disease. These symptoms may include dyspnea (shortness of breath), fatigue, palpitations, chest discomfort, and edema. Monitoring for these symptoms allows for early detection of disease progression or exacerbation, prompting timely intervention and management.

A. Persistent headache and aggression B. Headache and confusion C. Loss of vision and depression D. Seizures and extremity weakness

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Persistent headache and aggression: While persistent headache and aggression can occur following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), these symptoms are not specific to mild TBI. Aggression is more commonly associated with severe TBI, and persistent headache can occur across the spectrum of TBI severity.

B. Headache and confusion: Headache and confusion are common manifestations of mild TBI. Following a mild TBI, individuals often experience headache, which may be mild to moderate in intensity. Confusion, disorientation, and difficulty concentrating are also typical symptoms of mild TBI due to the transient disruption of cognitive function.

C. Loss of vision and depression: Loss of vision and depression are less commonly associated with mild TBI. These manifestations may occur in more severe cases of TBI or with specific types of brain injury affecting visual pathways. However, they are not typically indicative of mild TBI.

D. Seizures and extremity weakness: Seizures and extremity weakness are more indicative of moderate to severe TBI rather than mild TBI. While mild TBI may result in brief loss of consciousness, seizures and significant extremity weakness are less characteristic of mild TBI and are more commonly observed with more severe brain injuries.

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A nurse is teaching the caregiver of a client who has dementia. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse identify as increasing with the progression of the disorder? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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