A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about changes that occur when clients experience open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Vision changes occur when blood vessels leak fluid or blood under a portion of the retina."

"Vision changes occur when the cloudy lens alters the passage of light through the eye."

"Vision changes occur when retinal tissue pulls away from the blood vessels in the eye."

"Vision changes occur when pressure in the eye is increased due to a decrease of aqueous humor."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Vision changes occur when blood vessels leak fluid or blood under a portion of the retina": This statement describes a symptom of diabetic retinopathy, not open-angle glaucoma. In open-angle glaucoma, vision changes primarily result from increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired drainage of aqueous humor, not leakage of fluid or blood under the retina.

B. "Vision changes occur when the cloudy lens alters the passage of light through the eye": This statement describes a symptom of cataracts, not open-angle glaucoma. Cataracts involve clouding of the lens inside the eye, which affects the passage of light and leads to visual disturbances. Open-angle glaucoma, however, primarily affects the optic nerve and visual field due to increased intraocular pressure.

C. "Vision changes occur when retinal tissue pulls away from the blood vessels in the eye": This statement describes a symptom of retinal detachment, not open-angle glaucoma. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina detaches from the underlying layers of the eye, leading to vision changes and potentially vision loss. Open-angle glaucoma, on the other hand, primarily involves increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage.

D. "Vision changes occur when pressure in the eye is increased due to a decrease of aqueous humor": This statement is accurate. In open-angle glaucoma, vision changes occur due to increased intraocular pressure resulting from inadequate drainage of aqueous humor from the eye. This increased pressure can lead to damage of the optic nerve, resulting in peripheral vision loss and potentially blindness if left untreated.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Restlessness: Restlessness is a common behavioral manifestation in clients with Alzheimer's disease. It can be caused by various factors, including confusion, agitation, discomfort, or unmet needs. Restlessness may manifest as pacing, fidgeting, or difficulty sitting still.

B. Aggression: Aggression, including verbal or physical aggression, is a behavioral manifestation that can occur in clients with Alzheimer's disease. Aggression may result from frustration, confusion, fear, or other underlying factors. It can present challenges for both the individual with Alzheimer's and their caregivers.

C. Depression: Depression is a mood disorder that can occur in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Symptoms of depression may include persistent sadness, feelings of hopelessness, social withdrawal, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. Depression can exacerbate cognitive decline and functional impairment in individuals with Alzheimer's.

D. Hyperactivity: Hyperactivity, characterized by excessive or restless activity, can occur in some individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Hyperactivity may be a manifestation of agitation, anxiety, or other underlying factors. It can present challenges for caregivers and may require interventions to manage.

E. Lethargy: Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and lack of energy, can also occur in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Lethargy may result from physical and cognitive decline, medication side effects, depression, or other medical conditions. It can contribute to decreased engagement in activities and worsening of cognitive function.

A. In the community, the nurse should notify emergency services. B. Compression rates and depths vary depending on the setting. C. In the hospital, codes are addressed by an interprofessional team. D. In the community, the nurse might use laypeople for assistance. E. In the community, the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) requires the presence of a health care provider.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A. In the community, the nurse should notify emergency services: In a community setting, such as outside the hospital or in a public area, it is essential to activate emergency medical services (EMS) by calling for help immediately when initiating CPR.

B. Compression rates and depths vary depending on the setting: Compression rates and depths for CPR follow standardized guidelines set by organizations such as the American Heart Association (AHA) and may not significantly differ between community and hospital settings. These guidelines typically recommend a compression rate of 100-120 compressions per minute and a compression depth of at least 2 inches (5 centimeters) for adults.

C. In the hospital, codes are addressed by an interprofessional team: In a hospital setting, cardiac arrest situations are typically addressed by an interprofessional team consisting of physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare providers. This team-based approach allows for coordinated efforts in resuscitation, including advanced interventions such as airway management, medications, and defibrillation.

D. In the community, the nurse might use laypeople for assistance: In a community setting, especially if the nurse is providing CPR outside of a healthcare facility, there may be a need to involve laypeople or bystanders for assistance. Promptly recruiting bystanders to call for help, retrieve an AED if available, or assist with chest compressions can improve outcomes for the victim of cardiac arrest.

E. In the community, the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) requires the presence of a health care provider: In many community settings, including public places like shopping malls, airports, and schools, automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are available for use by laypeople or bystanders. While the presence of a healthcare provider is beneficial, AEDs are designed to provide audio and visual instructions for use by individuals without medical training, allowing for rapid defibrillation in cases of sudden cardiac arrest.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients about changes that occur when clients experience open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating the family of a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The nurse should be sure to communicate that which of the following behavioral manifestations can occur in clients with Alzheimer’s disease? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is providing CPR to a client. Which of the following aspects of CPR are different in the community versus in the hospital? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

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