A nurse is analyzing a client's electrocardiogram (ECG) strip and identifies the following information:

Heart rate: 92/min

Rhythm: Irregular

P wave: Unable to identify

PR interval: Unable to measure

QRS duration: O. 1 0 seconds
Based upon this information, the nurse should interpret the client's rhythm as indicating which of the following?

Atrial fibrillation

Sinus bradycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia

First-degree heart block

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm, absence of identifiable P waves, and irregular ventricular response. The heart rate in atrial fibrillation can be variable, and the absence of identifiable P waves indicates disorganized atrial electrical activity.

B. Sinus bradycardia: Sinus bradycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) and normal P waves preceding each QRS complex. In sinus bradycardia, the PR interval and QRS duration are typically within normal limits.

C. Supraventricular tachycardia: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate greater than 100 bpm. SVT typically presents with narrow QRS complexes and may or may not have discernible P waves.

D. First-degree heart block: First-degree heart block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval (>0.20 seconds) but maintains a regular rhythm with normal QRS duration. In first-degree heart block, P waves are typically identifiable, and the rhythm is not irregular.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) "Pentoxifylline can be administered to help the platelets from sticking together and occluding the vessels": Pentoxifylline is a medication used to improve blood flow by decreasing the viscosity of blood. However, it is not typically used to treat mitral valve stenosis. This statement does not accurately reflect treatment options for this condition.

B) "A heparin bolus is administered and followed with a continuous infusion to help keep the blood thinner": Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clot formation, but it is not a treatment for mitral valve stenosis itself. While anticoagulants may be used in certain situations with mitral valve stenosis (such as in the setting of atrial fibrillation), they do not directly address the underlying valve narrowing.

C) "A flexible catheter will be inserted into a vessel of the arm, neck, or groin and advanced to the heart to dilate a narrowed or occluded artery": This statement describes a procedure known as percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV), which is a minimally invasive intervention used to treat mitral valve stenosis. During this procedure, a catheter with a deflated balloon on its tip is inserted into a vessel and guided to the heart, where the balloon is inflated to widen the narrowed valve.

D) "A small catheter with a balloon on the end is threaded into a vessel in the groin and advanced to the heart where the balloon will be inflated, and the narrowed valve will be dilated": This statement accurately describes balloon valvuloplasty, which is a common procedure used to treat mitral valve stenosis. By inflating the balloon within the narrowed valve, the procedure aims to widen the valve opening, thus improving blood flow through the heart.

A. "Since my parent suffered from Alzheimer's disease, I know that I am at an increased risk for developing the disease myself." B. "The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully known or understood." C. "l do not have to worry about this because I do not have Down syndrome and I have never had a stroke." D. "My child is at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease because they have trisomy 21."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Since my parent suffered from Alzheimer's disease, I know that I am at an increased risk for developing the disease myself." This statement is accurate. Family history is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with a first-degree relative (such as a parent or sibling) with Alzheimer's disease are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.

B. "The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully known or understood." This statement is also accurate. While there are theories about the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease, such as genetics, brain changes, and environmental factors, the exact cause is still not fully understood. Research into the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is ongoing.

C. "I do not have to worry about this because I do not have Down syndrome and I have never had a stroke." This statement indicates a need for further teaching. While it is true that individuals with Down syndrome and those who have had a stroke are at increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease, they are not the only populations at risk. Alzheimer's disease can affect individuals without Down syndrome or a history of stroke. Other risk factors include age, family history, genetics, and lifestyle factors.

D. "My child is at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease because they have trisomy 21." This statement is accurate. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21, which contains the gene for amyloid precursor protein (APP). Overproduction of amyloid beta protein, derived from APP, is thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has mitral valve stenosis that has not responded to pharmacological therapies about other treatment options. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in their teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is teaching clients at a senior center about the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following statements by a client indicates the need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has atrial fibrillation. Which of the following blood test results should the nurse understand can be a possible cause of atrial fibrillation?

A nurse is providing care for a client following a cardiac arrest due to pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Which of the following alterations are causes of PEA? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is teaching a client who has restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the client teaching to explain the cause of RCM?

A nurse is collecting data from an admission history for a client who reports being tackled while playing football and is now seeing bright flashes of light and dark floating spots. Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect the client to be experiencing?

A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral artery disease for potential safety concerns. Which of the following client statements should the nurse report to the provider?

A nurse is caring for a client who has increased intracranial pressure. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to include in the plan of care?

A nurse is collecting neurologic data on a client who has a neurological injury and notes changes suggestive of Cushing's Triad. The nurse understands that Cushing's Triad is a nervous system response that might prevent which of the following conditions?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has dementia and lives at home. Which of the following physiological changes should the nurse educate the client and family to monitor?