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A nurse is teaching clients at a senior center about the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following statements by a client indicates the need for further teaching?

"Since my parent suffered from Alzheimer's disease, I know that I am at an increased risk for developing the disease myself."

"The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully known or understood."

"l do not have to worry about this because I do not have Down syndrome and I have never had a stroke."

"My child is at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease because they have trisomy 21."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Since my parent suffered from Alzheimer's disease, I know that I am at an increased risk for developing the disease myself." This statement is accurate. Family history is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with a first-degree relative (such as a parent or sibling) with Alzheimer's disease are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.

B. "The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully known or understood." This statement is also accurate. While there are theories about the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease, such as genetics, brain changes, and environmental factors, the exact cause is still not fully understood. Research into the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is ongoing.

C. "I do not have to worry about this because I do not have Down syndrome and I have never had a stroke." This statement indicates a need for further teaching. While it is true that individuals with Down syndrome and those who have had a stroke are at increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease, they are not the only populations at risk. Alzheimer's disease can affect individuals without Down syndrome or a history of stroke. Other risk factors include age, family history, genetics, and lifestyle factors.

D. "My child is at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease because they have trisomy 21." This statement is accurate. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21, which contains the gene for amyloid precursor protein (APP). Overproduction of amyloid beta protein, derived from APP, is thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Female sex: While gender can influence the risk of certain health conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, there isn't a direct correlation between being female and an increased risk of delirium. Both males and females can develop delirium under certain circumstances.

B. History of drug and alcohol use: A history of drug and alcohol use increases the risk for the development of delirium. Substance abuse, including alcohol, illicit drugs, and certain prescription medications, can disrupt neurotransmitter function and lead to alterations in mental status, including delirium. Additionally, withdrawal from alcohol or drugs can precipitate delirium in susceptible individuals.

C. Lack of medical insurance: While access to healthcare and socioeconomic factors can impact overall health outcomes, there isn't a direct association between lack of medical insurance and an increased risk of delirium. Delirium is more closely linked to medical conditions, substance use, and other physiological factors.

D. History of lymphoma: While certain medical conditions, such as infections, metabolic disturbances, and neurological disorders, can increase the risk of delirium, there isn't a direct correlation between a history of lymphoma and the development of delirium. Delirium is more commonly associated with acute illness, surgery, or medication use.

A. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum." B. "Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles." C. "Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty." D. "Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles." E. Family history of aneurysm

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum." Thickening of the ventricular walls and septum is characteristic of conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, not pericarditis. This statement does not accurately describe the cause of pericarditis.

B. "Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles." Excessive stretching of the ventricles is not a typical cause of pericarditis. While stretching of the heart muscle may occur in certain conditions, it is not directly related to pericarditis.

C. "Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty." Fibrous and fatty changes in ventricular tissue are features of conditions such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, not pericarditis. This statement does not accurately explain the cause of pericarditis.

D. "Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles." Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. When the pericardium becomes inflamed, it can stiffen, restricting the heart's movement and leading to chest pain. Therefore, option D accurately explains the cause of pericarditis, attributing it to the stiffening of the pericardium.

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A nurse is teaching clients at a senior center about the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following statements by a client indicates the need for further teaching?

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