A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral venous disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of peripheral venous disease?

A. White blood cell level of 5,900 mm3: While abnormal white blood cell levels can indicate infection or inflammation, they are not typically associated with directly contributing to an episode of delirium. However, underlying conditions that cause abnormal white blood cell levels, such as infection or inflammation, may contribute to delirium.

B. Potassium level of 4.1 mEq/L: Potassium imbalances can lead to various neurological symptoms, including weakness, paralysis, and cardiac arrhythmias. However, a potassium level of 4.1 mEq/L is within the normal range and is unlikely to directly contribute to an episode of delirium.

C. Hemoglobin level of 14.2 g/dL: Hemoglobin levels reflect the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and are not directly associated with delirium. While severe anemia or hypoxia can cause neurological symptoms, a hemoglobin level of 14.2 g/dL is within the normal range and is unlikely to directly contribute to delirium.

D. Blood glucose level of 254 mg/dL: Elevated blood glucose levels, as indicated by a blood glucose level of 254 mg/dL, can contribute to an episode of delirium. Hyperglycemia can lead to alterations in cerebral metabolism, neuronal dysfunction, and impaired cognitive function, predisposing individuals to delirium. Additionally, hyperglycemia can exacerbate preexisting neurological conditions and increase the risk of developing delirium in critically ill patients. Therefore, monitoring and managing blood glucose levels are essential in preventing and managing delirium in hospitalized patients.

A. Basketball, office jobs, and listening to loud music: These activities are not typically associated with an increased risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). While some recreational and occupational activities may involve physical or environmental risks, they are not commonly linked to the repetitive head trauma seen in CTE.

B. Swimming, working as a nurse, and painting: These activities are not commonly associated with an increased risk of CTE. Swimming is generally a low-risk activity for head injuries, while working as a nurse and painting are not typically associated with repetitive head trauma.

C. Football, military service, and physical abuse: This is the correct answer. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is strongly associated with repetitive head trauma, particularly in contact sports like football, as well as in military service where blast injuries and combat-related head trauma are common. Physical abuse, especially in contact sports, can also increase the risk of CTE due to repetitive blows to the head.

D. Golfing, working in construction, and horse roping: While some occupational and recreational activities may involve a risk of head injury, they are not commonly associated with the repetitive head trauma seen in CTE. Golfing, construction work, and horse roping typically do not involve the level of repetitive head impacts seen in activities like football or military service.