A nurse is teaching a client who has symptomatic atrial fibrillation about manifestations to expect. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply.)
Difficulty swallowing
Shortness of breath
Exertional fatigue
Weight gain
Correct Answer : B,C
A. Difficulty swallowing: Difficulty swallowing is not typically associated with atrial fibrillation. It may be a symptom of various other conditions such as dysphagia, esophageal disorders, or neurological disorders, but it is not a common manifestation of atrial fibrillation.
B. Shortness of breath: This is the correct answer. Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a common symptom of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation can lead to ineffective atrial contraction, resulting in decreased cardiac output and potential fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to dyspnea.
C. Exertional fatigue: This is the correct answer. Exertional fatigue, or feeling excessively tired or weak with physical activity, is a common manifestation of atrial fibrillation. Reduced cardiac output and inefficient heart function due to irregular heart rhythms can lead to fatigue, especially during exertion.
D. Weight gain: Weight gain is not typically associated with atrial fibrillation. While some individuals with heart conditions may experience fluid retention and subsequent weight gain, it is not a specific manifestation of atrial fibrillation itself.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Since my parent suffered from Alzheimer's disease, I know that I am at an increased risk for developing the disease myself." This statement is accurate. Family history is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with a first-degree relative (such as a parent or sibling) with Alzheimer's disease are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.
B. "The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully known or understood." This statement is also accurate. While there are theories about the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease, such as genetics, brain changes, and environmental factors, the exact cause is still not fully understood. Research into the etiology of Alzheimer's disease is ongoing.
C. "I do not have to worry about this because I do not have Down syndrome and I have never had a stroke." This statement indicates a need for further teaching. While it is true that individuals with Down syndrome and those who have had a stroke are at increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease, they are not the only populations at risk. Alzheimer's disease can affect individuals without Down syndrome or a history of stroke. Other risk factors include age, family history, genetics, and lifestyle factors.
D. "My child is at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease because they have trisomy 21." This statement is accurate. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21, which contains the gene for amyloid precursor protein (APP). Overproduction of amyloid beta protein, derived from APP, is thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Elevated ESR indicates inflammation in the body and is not typically associated with the cause of atrial fibrillation.
B. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): This is the correct answer. A common cause of atrial fibrillation is hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland and often presents with elevated TSH levels. Thyroid hormones play a significant role in regulating heart rate and rhythm. Excess thyroid hormone can lead to increased heart rate and irregular heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation.
C. Elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): Elevated BNP levels are associated with heart failure and may indicate cardiac stress or dysfunction. While heart failure can predispose individuals to atrial fibrillation, elevated BNP levels themselves are not a direct cause of atrial fibrillation.
D. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP): Elevated CRP levels indicate inflammation in the body and are associated with various cardiovascular diseases. While inflammation can contribute to atrial fibrillation, elevated CRP levels alone are not a direct cause of atrial fibrillation.
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