A nurse is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and their family about newly prescribed medications for Alzheimer's disease. Which statement by the client indicates the teaching was effective?

A. "A deregulated cytokine storm causes an inflammatory response": Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response triggered by various insults such as infection, trauma, burns, or ischemia. In SIRS, the immune system responds excessively, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This cytokine cascade results in widespread inflammation and systemic manifestations, such as fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and leukocytosis.

B. "The major organ prone to injury during SIRS is the heart": While SIRS can lead to multi-organ dysfunction, including cardiac dysfunction, it does not primarily target the heart. SIRS affects multiple organs, including the lungs, kidneys, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Cardiac dysfunction in SIRS may result from the inflammatory response, hypoperfusion, or direct myocardial injury.

C. "Spleen dysfunction causes blood clotting issues": SIRS can lead to coagulation abnormalities, but spleen dysfunction is not the primary cause. Coagulation abnormalities in SIRS are often attributed to endothelial dysfunction, activation of the coagulation cascade, and consumption of clotting factors, rather than spleen dysfunction.

D. "Activation of the inflammatory cascade causes increased perfusion": Activation of the inflammatory cascade in SIRS does not typically lead to increased perfusion. Instead, SIRS can lead to alterations in perfusion, including tissue hypoperfusion and microvascular dysfunction. In severe cases, SIRS can progress to septic shock, characterized by profound hypotension and inadequate tissue perfusion.

A. Loss of sensation and cognition difficulties: Secondary conditions commonly associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) include sensory impairments such as loss of sensation, as well as cognitive difficulties such as memory loss, attention deficits, and impaired executive functioning. These issues arise due to the damage to brain tissue caused by the initial injury and can have significant impacts on the client's overall function and quality of life.

B. Development of emotional disorders and acute pain : While emotional disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common following TBI, acute pain is not typically considered a primary secondary condition associated with TBI. Chronic pain may develop as a secondary condition, but acute pain is more often associated with the immediate aftermath of the injury.

C. Body dysmorphia and neurofibrillary tangles : Body dysmorphia, a condition characterized by obsessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance, and neurofibrillary tangles, abnormal protein aggregates found in the brains of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, are not typically associated with TBI.

D. Decreased appetite and a lack of sleep : While changes in appetite and sleep disturbances may occur as secondary symptoms of TBI, they are not as commonly anticipated as loss of sensation and cognition difficulties. These issues may arise due to disruptions in brain function or changes in lifestyle following the injury.