The nurse is providing care to a client who has survived cardiac arrest Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse to the development of PCAS?

Decreased circulation to the kidneys

Increased mental capacity

Improving respiratory function

Improvement in heart rate and blood pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Decreased circulation to the kidneys: Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is a constellation of systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury responses that occur after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest. One of the manifestations of PCAS is decreased circulation to the kidneys due to the systemic hypoperfusion that occurs during cardiac arrest and the subsequent reperfusion injury that follows ROSC. This can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) in some cases.

B. Increased mental capacity: While it is crucial to monitor neurological status after cardiac arrest, an immediate increase in mental capacity is not typically indicative of PCAS. Rather, neurological assessment may involve evaluating for signs of brain injury or dysfunction, which can include altered mental status, confusion, or neurological deficits.

C. Improving respiratory function: Improvement in respiratory function after cardiac arrest is a positive sign but may not necessarily indicate the development of PCAS. PCAS primarily involves systemic responses to the ischemia/reperfusion injury that occurs during and after cardiac arrest, rather than isolated respiratory changes.

D. Improvement in heart rate and blood pressure: Improvement in heart rate and blood pressure after cardiac arrest is generally expected with successful resuscitation efforts. However, these improvements alone may not necessarily indicate the development of PCAS. PCAS involves a broader range of systemic responses beyond just cardiac and hemodynamic changes.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps: Intermittent pneumatic compression pumps can help improve circulation in the lower extremities by assisting with venous return. These devices inflate and deflate sequentially, promoting venous blood flow and reducing edema in clients with peripheral venous disease.

B. Ankle-brachial index test: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) test is a non-invasive vascular study used to assess peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It compares the blood pressure in the ankle with the blood pressure in the arm to evaluate arterial circulation.

C. Layered wraps: Layered wraps, such as compression bandages or stockings, are typically used in the management of venous insufficiency and venous ulcers. They are not as commonly utilized in peripheral venous disease, however, they may be beneficial for some clients with PVD.

D. Elevation of legs: Elevating the legs above the level of the heart can help reduce edema and improve venous return in clients with peripheral venous disease. Gravity assists in draining blood from the lower extremities back toward the heart, thereby reducing swelling and discomfort.

E. Exercise: Regular physical activity, particularly lower extremity exercises such as walking, can promote venous return and improve circulation in clients with peripheral venous disease. Exercise helps to pump blood back to the heart, reducing venous stasis and the risk of complications such as venous thrombosis.

A. Weight loss B. Decreased mobility C. Increased physical activity D. Unkempt appearance E. Constipation

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Weight loss:

Weight loss can occur in individuals with dementia due to various factors, including decreased appetite, difficulty eating or swallowing, and increased energy expenditure.

Monitoring weight regularly can help detect changes in nutritional status and identify potential health concerns, such as malnutrition or dehydration.

B. Decreased mobility:

Individuals with dementia may experience a decline in mobility and functional abilities as the disease progresses.

Monitoring changes in mobility, such as difficulty walking, transferring, or performing activities of daily living, is important for assessing functional decline and implementing appropriate interventions to maintain mobility and prevent complications such as falls.

C. Increased physical activity:

While dementia can lead to decreased physical activity in some individuals, others may exhibit increased restlessness or wandering behaviors.

Monitoring changes in physical activity levels can help identify agitation, restlessness, or wandering behaviors that may require intervention to ensure the safety and well-being of the individual with dementia.

D. Unkempt appearance:

Individuals with dementia may neglect personal hygiene and grooming tasks, leading to an unkempt appearance.

Monitoring changes in appearance, such as poor personal hygiene, disheveled clothing, or neglect of grooming habits, can indicate difficulties with self-care and may necessitate assistance or supervision to maintain hygiene and appearance.

E. Constipation:

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal symptom in individuals with dementia, often due to factors such as reduced fluid intake, decreased physical activity, and side effects of medications.

Monitoring bowel habits and addressing constipation promptly can help prevent discomfort, complications such as fecal impaction, and maintain overall gastrointestinal health in individuals with dementia.

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The nurse is providing care to a client who has survived cardiac arrest Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse to the development of PCAS?

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