The nurse is providing care to a client who has survived cardiac arrest Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse to the development of PCAS?

Decreased circulation to the kidneys

Increased mental capacity

Improving respiratory function

Improvement in heart rate and blood pressure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Decreased circulation to the kidneys: Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is a constellation of systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury responses that occur after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest. One of the manifestations of PCAS is decreased circulation to the kidneys due to the systemic hypoperfusion that occurs during cardiac arrest and the subsequent reperfusion injury that follows ROSC. This can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) in some cases.

B. Increased mental capacity: While it is crucial to monitor neurological status after cardiac arrest, an immediate increase in mental capacity is not typically indicative of PCAS. Rather, neurological assessment may involve evaluating for signs of brain injury or dysfunction, which can include altered mental status, confusion, or neurological deficits.

C. Improving respiratory function: Improvement in respiratory function after cardiac arrest is a positive sign but may not necessarily indicate the development of PCAS. PCAS primarily involves systemic responses to the ischemia/reperfusion injury that occurs during and after cardiac arrest, rather than isolated respiratory changes.

D. Improvement in heart rate and blood pressure: Improvement in heart rate and blood pressure after cardiac arrest is generally expected with successful resuscitation efforts. However, these improvements alone may not necessarily indicate the development of PCAS. PCAS involves a broader range of systemic responses beyond just cardiac and hemodynamic changes.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Female sex: While gender can influence the risk of certain health conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, there isn't a direct correlation between being female and an increased risk of delirium. Both males and females can develop delirium under certain circumstances.

B. History of drug and alcohol use: A history of drug and alcohol use increases the risk for the development of delirium. Substance abuse, including alcohol, illicit drugs, and certain prescription medications, can disrupt neurotransmitter function and lead to alterations in mental status, including delirium. Additionally, withdrawal from alcohol or drugs can precipitate delirium in susceptible individuals.

C. Lack of medical insurance: While access to healthcare and socioeconomic factors can impact overall health outcomes, there isn't a direct association between lack of medical insurance and an increased risk of delirium. Delirium is more closely linked to medical conditions, substance use, and other physiological factors.

D. History of lymphoma: While certain medical conditions, such as infections, metabolic disturbances, and neurological disorders, can increase the risk of delirium, there isn't a direct correlation between a history of lymphoma and the development of delirium. Delirium is more commonly associated with acute illness, surgery, or medication use.

A. "l can't get out of bed because the room is spinning." B. "l did feel some fluid dripping from my ear when I laid down." C. "Sometimes I feel slightly dizzy when I am in a loud restaurant." D. "l often feel like I have cotton balls in my ears."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I can't get out of bed because the room is spinning": The sensation of vertigo, or the perception of spinning or movement when there is none, is a hallmark symptom of Meniere's disease. This sensation is often severe and can be debilitating, leading to difficulty with balance and mobility. Therefore, the client's statement indicating that they cannot get out of bed due to the room spinning is consistent with manifestations of Meniere's disease.

B. "I did feel some fluid dripping from my ear when I laid down": While fluid leakage from the ear can be a symptom of various ear conditions, such as otitis externa or otitis media, it is not typically associated with Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, rather than fluid leakage.

C. "Sometimes I feel slightly dizzy when I am in a loud restaurant": Feeling slightly dizzy in a loud environment may suggest sensitivity to noise (phonophobia) or a mild form of dizziness such as disequilibrium, but it is not specific to Meniere's disease. Meniere's disease typically presents with severe episodes of vertigo rather than mild dizziness.

D. "I often feel like I have cotton balls in my ears": The sensation of having cotton balls in the ears may indicate a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ears, which is a common symptom of Meniere's disease. However, this symptom alone is not sufficient to diagnose Meniere's disease, as it can also occur in other conditions affecting the middle ear, such as eustachian tube dysfunction or otitis media. Additionally, Meniere's disease is primarily characterized by vertigo, not just ear fullness or pressure.

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The nurse is providing care to a client who has survived cardiac arrest Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse to the development of PCAS?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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