A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

I will need to massage my legs frequently to prevent a buildup of fluid

I will keep my legs in a dependent position

I will decrease my activity to prevent added stress on my legs

I will inspect my legs every day for changes in color, size and temperature

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Massaging the legs frequently can exacerbate symptoms of peripheral venous disease by increasing venous pressure and worsening edema. It is not recommended for managing this condition.

B. Keeping the legs in a dependent position can further impair venous return and exacerbate symptoms. Elevating the legs above the level of the heart when possible is recommended to reduce venous congestion.

C. Decreasing activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen symptoms over time. Encouraging regular, moderate physical activity is important for improving venous circulation and overall vascular health.

D. Inspecting the legs daily for changes in color, size, and temperature is an essential component of managing peripheral venous disease. Changes such as skin discoloration, swelling, or increased warmth can indicate worsening venous insufficiency or the development of complications such as venous ulcers. Early detection allows for prompt intervention and prevention of complications.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) "Pentoxifylline can be administered to help the platelets from sticking together and occluding the vessels": Pentoxifylline is a medication used to improve blood flow by decreasing the viscosity of blood. However, it is not typically used to treat mitral valve stenosis. This statement does not accurately reflect treatment options for this condition.

B) "A heparin bolus is administered and followed with a continuous infusion to help keep the blood thinner": Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clot formation, but it is not a treatment for mitral valve stenosis itself. While anticoagulants may be used in certain situations with mitral valve stenosis (such as in the setting of atrial fibrillation), they do not directly address the underlying valve narrowing.

C) "A flexible catheter will be inserted into a vessel of the arm, neck, or groin and advanced to the heart to dilate a narrowed or occluded artery": This statement describes a procedure known as percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV), which is a minimally invasive intervention used to treat mitral valve stenosis. During this procedure, a catheter with a deflated balloon on its tip is inserted into a vessel and guided to the heart, where the balloon is inflated to widen the narrowed valve.

D) "A small catheter with a balloon on the end is threaded into a vessel in the groin and advanced to the heart where the balloon will be inflated, and the narrowed valve will be dilated": This statement accurately describes balloon valvuloplasty, which is a common procedure used to treat mitral valve stenosis. By inflating the balloon within the narrowed valve, the procedure aims to widen the valve opening, thus improving blood flow through the heart.

A. Tau protein B. Neurofibrillary tangles C. Alpha-synuclein protein D. Beta-amyloid protein

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Tau protein: Tau protein is primarily associated with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, not Lewy body dementia.

B. Neurofibrillary tangles: Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein found in Alzheimer's disease, not typically in Lewy body dementia.

C. Alpha-synuclein protein: Lewy bodies, which are abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein, are a hallmark pathology of Lewy body dementia. These protein aggregates disrupt neuronal function and are responsible for the cognitive, motor, and emotional symptoms seen in Lewy body dementia.

D. Beta-amyloid protein: Beta-amyloid protein is primarily associated with Alzheimer's disease, not Lewy body dementia. It forms plaques in the brain, which contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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