A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

I will need to massage my legs frequently to prevent a buildup of fluid

I will keep my legs in a dependent position

I will decrease my activity to prevent added stress on my legs

I will inspect my legs every day for changes in color, size and temperature

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Massaging the legs frequently can exacerbate symptoms of peripheral venous disease by increasing venous pressure and worsening edema. It is not recommended for managing this condition.

B. Keeping the legs in a dependent position can further impair venous return and exacerbate symptoms. Elevating the legs above the level of the heart when possible is recommended to reduce venous congestion.

C. Decreasing activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen symptoms over time. Encouraging regular, moderate physical activity is important for improving venous circulation and overall vascular health.

D. Inspecting the legs daily for changes in color, size, and temperature is an essential component of managing peripheral venous disease. Changes such as skin discoloration, swelling, or increased warmth can indicate worsening venous insufficiency or the development of complications such as venous ulcers. Early detection allows for prompt intervention and prevention of complications.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Stress can contribute to the development of atrial flutter, but it is not the highest risk factor compared to other options.

B. While electrolyte imbalances resulting from vomiting and diarrhea can predispose someone to arrhythmias, they are not as significant a risk factor for atrial flutter as other conditions.

C. A family history of atrial flutter may increase the likelihood of developing the condition, but it is not as significant a risk factor compared to other options.

D. A history of myocardial infarction and stent placement indicates underlying heart disease, which is a significant risk factor for developing atrial flutter. Cardiac events like myocardial infarction can lead to structural changes in the heart, such as scarring or remodeling, which can predispose individuals to atrial flutter. Therefore, this client is at the highest risk for developing atrial flutter among the options provided.

A. The client has metabolic alkalosis and warm extremities B. The client develops bradycardia and bradypnea C. The client has hypotension and is confused D. The client has hypertension and anuria

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The client has metabolic alkalosis and warm extremities: Metabolic alkalosis and warm extremities are not typically indicative of postoperative shock. Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by excessive vomiting or prolonged gastric suctioning, but it is not a hallmark sign of shock. Warm extremities may suggest adequate peripheral perfusion rather than impaired perfusion seen in shock.

B. The client develops bradycardia and bradypnea: Bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow respiratory rate) may occur as compensatory mechanisms in certain types of shock, such as neurogenic shock. However, they are not specific indicators of postoperative shock. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) are more common findings in most types of shock, including postoperative shock.

C. The client has hypotension and is confused: Hypotension (low blood pressure) and confusion are classic signs of shock, including postoperative shock. Hypotension indicates inadequate perfusion of vital organs, while confusion may result from cerebral hypoperfusion. Altered mental status, such as confusion, is a significant neurological manifestation of shock.

D. The client has hypertension and anuria: Hypertension (high blood pressure) and anuria (decreased urine output) are not typical manifestations of postoperative shock. Hypertension may occur in certain conditions that can lead to shock, such as septic shock, during the compensatory phase. However, it is not a primary sign of shock. Anuria may occur in cases of severe hypovolemic shock but is not specific to postoperative shock.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

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