A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.

Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.

Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.

Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.

Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: While kidney infections can cause swelling, they typically do not lead to a significant increase in abdominal girth unless associated with severe obstruction or advanced kidney disease.

Choice B reason: In PKD, the kidneys can become significantly enlarged due to the growth of numerous cysts, which

can indeed lead to an increase in abdominal girth.

Choice C reason: While stones can cause blockage and swelling, they would not typically result in a generalized increase in abdominal girth unless there is an associated infection or severe obstruction.

Choice D reason: Inflammation can lead to fluid retention, but in the context of PKD, it is the cysts' growth that primarily contributes to increased kidney size and abdominal girth.

A. The client states that they consume a high calcium diet and have had high calcium in their blood. B. The client reports that they had two urinary tract infections (UTI) in the past 10 months. C. The client reports that they took a lot of ibuprofen for arthritis for many years. D. The client states that they remember their mother saying their grandmother had this same genetic disease.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: A high calcium diet and high blood calcium levels are not directly related to pyelonephritis.

Choice B reason: Recurrent UTIs can lead to pyelonephritis, especially if the infections ascend to the kidneys.

Choice C reason: Long-term use of ibuprofen can affect kidney function but is not a direct cause of pyelonephritis.

Choice D reason: Genetic diseases can affect kidney health, but there is no common genetic disease that directly causes pyelonephritis.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client is admited to the hospital for renal calculi and reports that their abdomen has been getting bigger. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the best explanation for the increase in abdominal girth?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admited for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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