A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?
Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.
Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.
Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.
Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.
Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: While kidney infections can cause swelling, they typically do not lead to a significant increase in abdominal girth unless associated with severe obstruction or advanced kidney disease.
Choice B reason: In PKD, the kidneys can become significantly enlarged due to the growth of numerous cysts, which
can indeed lead to an increase in abdominal girth.
Choice C reason: While stones can cause blockage and swelling, they would not typically result in a generalized increase in abdominal girth unless there is an associated infection or severe obstruction.
Choice D reason: Inflammation can lead to fluid retention, but in the context of PKD, it is the cysts' growth that primarily contributes to increased kidney size and abdominal girth.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A pH of 7.26 indicates acidosis, but an HCO3 of 24 and PaCO2 of 46 suggest a respiratory cause rather than metabolic, which is not typical for AKI.
Choice B reason: A pH of 7.49 indicates alkalosis, and with an HCO3 of 30 and PaCO2 of 40, this suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not expected in AKI.
Choice C reason: A pH of 7.49 indicates alkalosis. An HCO3 of 24 is normal, and a PaCO2 of 30 would suggest respiratory alkalosis, not typically associated with AKI.
Choice D reason: A pH of 7.26 indicates acidosis, and with an HCO3 of 14, this suggests metabolic acidosis, which is consistent with AKI. The PaCO2 of 30 indicates a compensatory respiratory response to the metabolic acidosis. This ABG result aligns with the expected findings in a patient with AKI, where there is an accumulation of acids and a decrease in bicarbonate due to the kidneys' inability to filter and excrete hydrogen ions effectively.
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