A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?
Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.
Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.
Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.
Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.
Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: While a low-protein diet can help manage electrolyte imbalances, it is not specifically targeted at reducing the risk for hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia is more directly managed by restricting foods high in potassium.
Choice B reason: A low-protein diet helps reduce the risk for uremia, which is the accumulation of waste products in the blood due to impaired kidney function. By consuming less protein, there is less urea and other nitrogenous wastes for the kidneys to filter, which can help delay the progression of kidney disease.
Choice C reason: Edema is related to fluid retention and not directly to protein intake. A low-protein diet does not specifically reduce the risk for edema unless it is associated with kidney dysfunction affecting fluid balance.
Choice D reason: A low-protein diet will indeed decrease the amount of nitrogenous waste in the blood because less protein breakdown means less waste for the kidneys to remove. However, this choice is less specific than Choice B, which directly addresses the condition of uremia that is a concern for patients with chronic kidney failure.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Taking 3,000 mg of vitamin C daily is not recommended as it may increase the risk of calcium oxalate stones due to possible conversion of vitamin C to oxalate.
Choice B reason: Drinking 3 L of fluid every day is advised to prevent kidney stones by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of stone-forming substances.
Choice C reason: Eating 12 oz of animal protein daily is excessive and can increase the risk of kidney stones due to higher excretion of calcium and oxalate.
Choice D reason: Restricting calcium intake to one serving per day is not recommended as a normal calcium intake is necessary to bind oxalate in the gut and reduce oxalate absorption.
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