A nurse is caring for a client who has kidney cancer and has been informed that it has metastasized. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the client asks what metastasis means?
Metastasis occurs when cancerous growths are located in the kidneys and also in another part of the body.
Metastasis means a group of abnormal kidney cells is localized to a single location.
Metastasis is when a group of kidney cells have changed to more closely resemble intestinal cells.
Metastasis occurs when cancer cells grow until they run out of space and stop growing.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to distant organs or tissues. This can occur through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, leading to the formation of secondary tumors in other parts of the body.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because metastasis, by definition, involves the spread of cancer cells to multiple locations, not their confinement to a single area.
Choice C reason: The description provided in this choice is more indicative of metaplasia, which is a change in the type of cells, and not metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect as it does not describe metastasis. Cancer cells do not stop growing because they run out of space; they continue to proliferate and can invade other tissues.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The pH of urine can vary, but having a more alkalotic urine does not necessarily promote the growth of bacteria. Urine is typically slightly acidic, which helps to prevent bacterial growth.
Choice B reason: The primary anatomical reason for the higher rates of UTIs in clients who have vaginas is the shorter length of the urethra compared to those who do not have vaginas. This shorter distance makes it easier for bacteria from the skin or rectal area to enter the bladder.
Choice C reason: The strength of the detrusor muscle, which controls the emptying of the bladder, does not have a direct correlation with the frequency of UTIs. UTIs are more related to bacterial invasion rather than muscle strength.
Choice D reason: Bladder capacity is generally not a factor in the frequency of UTIs. While residual urine can increase the risk of UTIs, this is not typically related to overall bladder capacity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A hemoglobin level of 16 g/dL is within the normal range and does not indicate acute kidney injury.
Choice B reason: A BUN level of 15 mg/dL is also within the normal range and does not suggest acute kidney injury.
Choice C reason: A serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L is within the normal range and is not indicative of acute kidney injury.
Choice D reason: A serum creatinine level of 6 mg/dL is significantly elevated and indicates impaired kidney function, which is a hallmark of acute kidney injury.
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