A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client is admited to the hospital for renal calculi and reports that their abdomen has been getting bigger. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the best explanation for the increase in abdominal girth?
"The kidney infection has caused narrowing of the ureters, and your abdomen has filled with fluid."
"The kidneys continue to enlarge due to the cysts growing, which increases the girth of your abdomen."
"The stones might descend into the ureters, blocking the flow of urine and causing an increase in the girth of your abdomen."
"The in?ammation in your kidneys damages the filtration system, which causes fluid retention in your abdomen."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: While kidney infections can cause swelling, they typically do not lead to a significant increase in abdominal girth unless associated with severe obstruction or advanced kidney disease.
Choice B reason: In PKD, the kidneys can become significantly enlarged due to the growth of numerous cysts, which
can indeed lead to an increase in abdominal girth.
Choice C reason: While stones can cause blockage and swelling, they would not typically result in a generalized increase in abdominal girth unless there is an associated infection or severe obstruction.
Choice D reason: Inflammation can lead to fluid retention, but in the context of PKD, it is the cysts' growth that primarily contributes to increased kidney size and abdominal girth.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The bladder is not where renal calculi typically begin to form; it is where they may end up if they travel down from the kidneys.
Choice B reason: Renal calculi commonly begin forming at the renal papilla, which is part of the kidney where urine collects before it flows into the ureter.
Choice C reason: The ureter is not the typical starting point for the formation of renal calculi, though stones can travel through it.
Choice D reason: The urethra is not a common site for the formation of renal calculi; it is the duct through which urine is discharged.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, and iron supplementation is often required to support red blood cell production.
Choice B reason: Sodium intake does not need to be increased with epoetin alfa therapy and should be monitored carefully in clients with chronic kidney disease.
Choice C reason: Potassium levels should be monitored in chronic kidney disease and not necessarily increased, as hyperkalemia can be a concern.
Choice D reason: Protein intake should be managed carefully in chronic kidney disease to avoid excess nitrogen waste, which can be difficult for damaged kidneys to filter.
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