A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with acute stress disorder. Which of the following client statements aligns with this diagnosis?

Choice A rationale
Chronic trauma refers to repeated exposure to traumatic events over a long period. Abuse and neglect since early childhood, as in the case of the adolescent in the question, is a clear example of chronic trauma.
Choice B rationale
Vicarious trauma occurs when an individual becomes traumatized not by directly experiencing a traumatic event, but by exposure to graphic or traumatic material as part of their work. This is not the case for the adolescent in the question.
Choice C rationale
Acute trauma results from a single, unexpected, and stressful event. This does not apply to the adolescent in the question, who has been subjected to abuse and neglect since early childhood.
Choice D rationale

Historical trauma refers to the cumulative emotional and psychological wounding of an individual or generation caused by a traumatic experience or event. This does not apply to the adolescent in the question.

Choice A rationale
While it’s true that some mutations can allow a virus to survive longer in the environment, this doesn’t necessarily increase the virus’s communicability, or its ability to spread from person to person.
Choice B rationale
A mutation that causes more severe disease can make an illness more dangerous, but it doesn’t necessarily make the virus more communicable. In fact, viruses that cause severe disease can sometimes be less communicable, because severely ill individuals are less likely to be moving around and spreading the virus.
Choice C rationale
The new mutation spreads easier from one individual to another. This is the definition of increased communicability. When a virus mutates in a way that allows it to spread more easily between individuals, this can lead to more cases of the disease, especially if the population is not immune to the new strain.
Choice D rationale

A mutation that requires a larger amount of the virus to cause disease would actually decrease the virus’s communicability. If more viral particles are needed to cause an infection, the virus would be less likely to spread from person to person.