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A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic.

Exhibits

For each body system below, click to specify the adverse effect that the nurse should include in the teaching. Choose the most likely response for the dropdown(s) in the table below by choosing from the lists of options.

Body System

Common Adverse Effects

Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT)

Cardiovascular

Genitourinary

Gastrointestinal

Note: Each drop down must have 1 response selected.
Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"B","dropdown-group-3":"A","dropdown-group-4":"C"}

  • HEENT – Dry mouth; Amitriptyline has strong anticholinergic effects, which inhibit salivary gland secretion, commonly resulting in dry mouth. This side effect can affect oral comfort, dental health, and appetite.
  • Cardiovascular – Tachycardia: Tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline can cause tachycardia due to their anticholinergic properties and direct effects on cardiac conduction. These drugs inhibit vagal tone, which increases heart rate, and can also affect the sodium channels in cardiac tissue.
  • Genitourinary – Urinary retention: Amitriptyline’s anticholinergic activity relaxes the detrusor muscle and contracts the internal urethral sphincter, impairing normal bladder emptying. This can lead to difficulty initiating urination and incomplete bladder emptying, particularly in older adults.
  • Gastrointestinal – Constipation: By inhibiting parasympathetic activity in the GI tract, amitriptyline slows peristalsis, leading to constipation. This side effect is common and can become severe without dietary adjustments or the use of stool softeners.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Season foods with salt and pepper.": Spicy and seasoned foods can irritate the gastric mucosa, potentially worsening gastritis symptoms, so this advice is not appropriate.
B. "Eat small frequent meals daily.": Smaller, more frequent meals help reduce gastric acid secretion and minimize irritation of the stomach lining, which can alleviate symptoms of gastritis and promote healing.
C. "Use ibuprofen as needed for discomfort.": Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can exacerbate gastritis by irritating the stomach lining and increasing the risk of bleeding, so they should be avoided.
D. "Take a Vitamin E supplement daily.": There is no clear evidence supporting the use of vitamin E supplements for gastritis management, and supplementation is not a standard recommendation in this condition.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Contemplation: In the contemplation stage, individuals or groups are aware of a problem and are thinking about making a change but have not yet taken any action. The focus remains on weighing the pros and cons of changing behavior.
B. Action: The action stage involves actively modifying behaviors, environments, or systems. Since the group is already in the process of reducing pesticide use, they are implementing change, which aligns with the action phase of behavior change.
C. Maintenance: Maintenance is the stage in which individuals or groups work to sustain changes that have already been fully implemented. This group has not yet reached that point, as they are still actively working on the change.
D. Preparation: In the preparation stage, individuals or groups intend to take action soon and may begin making small changes. However, this does not fit the scenario because the group has moved beyond planning and is already enacting the change.

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