A nurse is caring for a 10-month-old infant who is in a cast for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Which of the following strategies should the nurse implement to promote the infant's growth and development?

Allow the infant to stand in the crib.

Provide a small electronic toy.

Tie colorful latex balloons to the side of the crib.

Change the infant's diaper as soon as soiling occurs.

None

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is Choice A.

Choice A rationale: Encouraging the infant to stand in the crib while in a cast for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) supports gross motor development and maintains neuromuscular stimulation. Standing promotes proprioceptive input, strengthens postural muscles, and supports bone mineralization through weight-bearing. Infants in hip spica casts or orthotic devices can safely stand with supervision, preserving developmental milestones. Normal serum calcium ranges from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL, and mechanical loading enhances osteoblastic activity and skeletal growth.

Choice B rationale: While electronic toys offer sensory stimulation, they do not adequately support gross motor development in infants with DDH. At 10 months, infants require opportunities for vertical positioning and weight-bearing to stimulate vestibular and musculoskeletal systems. Passive play with electronic toys may delay motor milestones such as cruising and standing. Developmental progress depends on integrated sensory-motor experiences, and reliance on sedentary toys may limit engagement of core and lower limb musculature.

Choice C rationale: Latex balloons pose a significant safety hazard due to the risk of aspiration and suffocation. When burst, latex fragments can occlude the airway, especially in infants with underdeveloped protective reflexes. The tracheal diameter in infants averages 4 to 5 mm, making obstruction by balloon fragments potentially fatal. Additionally, latex exposure may trigger allergic reactions, particularly in atopic individuals. The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly advises against latex balloon use in children under 8 years.

Choice D rationale: Prompt diaper changes are essential for skin integrity, especially under a cast where moisture retention can lead to maceration and infection. However, this action does not directly promote growth and development. It is a hygiene measure that prevents irritant contact dermatitis and secondary infections such as Candida albicans. Normal skin pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.5, and prolonged exposure to urine and feces elevates pH, disrupting the acid mantle. While necessary, it lacks developmental stimulation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Chronic glomerulonephritis is a condition that causes inﬂammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny ﬁltering units in the kidneys.
This can lead to poor kidney function and an increase in waste products in the bloodstream.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a waste product that is normally ﬁltered by the kidneys and excreted in urine.
A BUN level of 50 mg/dL is higher than the normal range, indicating poor kidney function.
Choice B is incorrect because a serum phosphorus level of 4.0 mg/dL is within
the normal range for adults.
Choice C is incorrect because a serum potassium level of.8 mEq/L is within the normal range for adults.
Choice D is incorrect because proteinuria (the presence of protein in urine) is a
common ﬁnding in glomerulonephritis.

A. Semi-Fowler's. B. Prone C. Trendelenburg. D. on the unoperated side

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Semi-Fowler's. While this position can help with drainage, it is generally not the first choice immediately after VP shunt surgery.

B. Prone.This position is generally not recommended as it can cause discomfort and increase intracranial pressure.

C. Trendelenburg. This position is contraindicated as it can significantly increase intracranial pressure.

D. on the unoperated side. This position helps prevent pressure on the operative site and facilitates drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. It also reduces the risk of complications associated with increased intracranial pressure.

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A nurse is caring for a 10-month-old infant who is in a cast for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Which of the following strategies should the nurse implement to promote the infant's growth and development?

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A nurse is caring for a 10-month-old infant who is in a cast for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Which of the following strategies should the nurse implement to promote the infant's growth and development?