A nurse is caring a client who is 3 days postpartum and is attempting to breastfeed. Which of the following findings indicate mastitis?

A white patch on a nipple

Red and painful area in one breast

Cracked and bleeding nipples

Swelling in both breasts

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) A white patch on a nipple:

A white patch on the nipple may indicate a condition such as a milk bleb or a fungal infection like thrush, but it is not characteristic of mastitis. Mastitis typically presents with localized redness and pain in the affected breast, along with other systemic symptoms such as fever and flu-like symptoms.

B) Red and painful area in one breast:

This finding is indicative of mastitis. Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, often caused by bacterial infection, which presents with localized redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in one breast. The affected area may also feel tender or hard to the touch.

C) Cracked and bleeding nipples:

Cracked and bleeding nipples are common in breastfeeding mothers, but they are not specific signs of mastitis. However, they can increase the risk of mastitis if bacteria enter the breast tissue through the cracked skin. Proper breastfeeding techniques and nipple care can help prevent nipple damage and reduce the risk of mastitis.

D) Swelling in both breasts:

Swelling in both breasts may occur in the early postpartum period due to engorgement or increased milk production, but it is not a specific sign of mastitis. Mastitis typically presents with localized symptoms in one breast rather than both breasts simultaneously.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B) Vastus lateralis:

This is the correct site for administering IM injections to newborns, including vitamin K. The vastus lateralis muscle, located in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, is the preferred site for IM injections in infants because it is well-developed, has few major blood vessels and nerves, and provides good absorption of the medication. It is recommended to divide the thigh into thirds and administer the injection in the middle third.

A) Ventrogluteal:

While the ventrogluteal site is commonly used for IM injections in adults and older children, it is not typically recommended for newborns due to the size of the muscle and potential risk of injury to underlying structures.

C) Dorsogluteal:

The dorsogluteal site is not recommended for IM injections in newborns due to the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve and other deep structures in the gluteal region.

D) Deltoid:

The deltoid muscle is not typically used for IM injections in newborns due to its smaller size and less-developed muscle mass compared to the vastus lateralis. It is more commonly used in older children and adults for certain vaccines and medications.

A. Moro B. Babinski C. Stepping D. Rooting

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Moro reflex:

The Moro reflex is a startle reflex characterized by the newborn's arms and legs extending outward in response to a sudden movement or noise. It is not involved in promoting breastfeeding latching.

B) Babinski reflex:

The Babinski reflex is a reflex action of the newborn's foot in response to stimulation. It involves the toes spreading out and the big toe dorsiflexing when the sole of the foot is stroked. This reflex is unrelated to breastfeeding.

C) Stepping reflex:

The stepping reflex is an automatic response seen in newborns when held upright with their feet touching a solid surface. They make stepping movements with their legs as if they are walking. This reflex is unrelated to breastfeeding.

D) Rooting reflex:

The rooting reflex is a natural instinct in newborns characterized by turning their head toward a stimulus that strokes or touches their cheek or mouth. This reflex helps facilitate breastfeeding by guiding the newborn's mouth toward the nipple, making it easier for them to latch onto the breast and initiate feeding.

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A nurse is caring a client who is 3 days postpartum and is attempting to breastfeed. Which of the following findings indicate mastitis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K by IM injection to a newborn. The nurse should administer the medication into which of the following muscles?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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