A nurse is assisting with the care of a newborn immediately following birth. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer? (Select all that apply.).

Choice A reason:

Hypoglycemia is a common complication for newborns whose mothers have diabetes mellitus. This is because the newborn's pancreas produces excessive insulin in response to the high glucose levels in the mother's blood during pregnancy. After birth, the newborn's glucose levels drop rapidly, while the insulin levels remain high, resulting in hypoglycemia. The nurse should monitor the newborn's blood glucose levels and signs of hypoglycemia, such as jitteriness, lethargy, poor feeding, and temperature instability.

Choice B reason:

Decreased RBC is not a likely complication for newborns whose mothers have diabetes mellitus. In fact, these newborns may have increased RBC due to chronic fetal hypoxia caused by placental insufficiency. The nurse should monitor the newborn's hematocrit and signs of polycythemia, such as ruddy skin, jaundice, and respiratory distress.

Choice C reason:

Hyperbilirubinemia is not a likely complication for newborns whose mothers have diabetes mellitus. In fact, these newborns may have increased bilirubin levels due to hemolysis of excess RBC and delayed hepatic clearance. The nurse should monitor the newborn's serum bilirubin levels and signs of jaundice, such as yellow skin and sclera, poor feeding, and lethargy.

Choice D reason:

Hypercalcemia is not a likely complication for newborns whose mothers have diabetes mellitus. In fact, these newborns may have hypocalcemia due to decreased parathyroid hormone secretion and increased calcium binding to albumin. The nurse should monitor the newborn's serum calcium levels and signs of hypocalcemia, such as jitteriness, tremors, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Choice A reason:

Using illicit drugs is not a known cause of congenital hip dysplasia. Illicit drugs may have other harmful effects on the baby, but they do not affect the formation of the hip joint.

Choice B reason:

Unknown. The exact cause of congenital hip dysplasia is not clear. Both genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role in the development of the disorder. Some risk factors include being female, firstborn, breech position, family history, and tight swaddling.

Choice C reason:

Being in nursing school is not a cause of congenital hip dysplasia. This is an irrelevant and incorrect choice.

Choice D reason:

Drinking too much is not a cause of congenital hip dysplasia. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome and other complications, but it does not affect the formation of the hip joint.