A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of the spinal cord. Which of the following statements by a nursing student indicates understanding?

"The ascending tract of the spinal cord processes information in the brain."

"The descending tracts of the spinal cord deliver the CNS motor information to neurons in the muscle."

"The sensory receptors are in the muscles."

"The motor neurons are in the dermal layer of skin."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The ascending tract of the spinal cord transmits sensory information to the brain, but it does not process it; processing occurs in the brain itself.
B. This statement accurately describes the function of the descending tracts, which carry motor commands from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles, facilitating movement.
C. Sensory receptors are located in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, not just in the muscles.
D. Motor neurons are not found in the dermal layer; they are located in the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system, where they innervate muscles.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a gradual progression of symptoms without relapses, so this does not match the client's pattern.
B. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is defined by episodes of exacerbation (active symptoms) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms), which aligns with the client's description.
C. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis follows an initial relapsing-remitting course but leads to a more continuous decline in function, so it does not match the pattern described.
D. Clinically isolating syndrome refers to a single episode of neurological symptoms but does not indicate the pattern of relapses and remissions typical of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

A. Prevent bladder distention. B. Elevate the client's head. C. Provide analgesia for headaches. D. Monitor for elevated blood pressure.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Autonomic dysreflexia is often triggered by a noxious stimulus, such as bladder distention. Preventing bladder distention by ensuring regular bladder emptying can help prevent the condition.
B. Elevating the client's head is a response to autonomic dysreflexia but does not prevent it from occurring.
C. Providing analgesia for headaches addresses a symptom of autonomic dysreflexia but does not prevent it.
D. Monitoring for elevated blood pressure is important in detecting autonomic dysreflexia once it has started, but it does not prevent it.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of the spinal cord. Which of the following statements by a nursing student indicates understanding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury at T-4. The nurse should recognize that the client is at risk for autonomic dysreflexia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take to prevent autonomic dysreflexia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has a heart rate of 56/min. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has primary dementia. Which of the following manifestations of dementia should the nurse include in the teaching?

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A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has a subarachnoid hemorrhage and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the provider prescribing to decrease ICP?