A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of the spinal cord. Which of the following statements by a nursing student indicates understanding?

"The ascending tract of the spinal cord processes information in the brain."

"The descending tracts of the spinal cord deliver the CNS motor information to neurons in the muscle."

"The sensory receptors are in the muscles."

"The motor neurons are in the dermal layer of skin."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The ascending tract of the spinal cord transmits sensory information to the brain, but it does not process it; processing occurs in the brain itself.
B. This statement accurately describes the function of the descending tracts, which carry motor commands from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles, facilitating movement.
C. Sensory receptors are located in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, not just in the muscles.
D. Motor neurons are not found in the dermal layer; they are located in the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system, where they innervate muscles.

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Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"E":{"answers":"A"}}

Explanation

Assessment Findings and Rationale

1. Ambulation Pattern

Parkinson's Disease: The slow and shuffling gait is characteristic of Parkinson's disease due to muscle rigidity and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Patients often exhibit a stooped posture and a shuffling gait.

2. Muscle Movements

Parkinson's Disease: Unilateral resting tremors and generalized muscle stiffness are hallmark signs of Parkinson's disease, which affects motor control due to basal ganglia degeneration. As the disease progresses, bilateral tremors and stiffness develop.

3. Speech

Parkinson's Disease: Slow and slurred speech is common in Parkinson's disease as a result of muscle rigidity affecting speech production.

Stroke: Speech difficulties such as slurred speech may also occur in stroke patients due to dysarthria, which arises from motor control deficits.

Multiple Sclerosis: Speech issues, including slurred speech, can also be seen in multiple sclerosis due to neurological involvement and muscle control issues.

4. Orientation Status

Parkinson's Disease: Disorientation to date and time can be seen in later stages of Parkinson's disease as cognitive decline may accompany the motor symptoms.

Stroke: Cognitive deficits, including disorientation, can result from stroke, especially if it affects the areas of the brain responsible for cognition.

Multiple Sclerosis: Orientation issues may also occur in multiple sclerosis as cognitive impairment can be part of the disease process.

5. Facial Rigidity

Parkinson's Disease: Facial rigidity, often described as a "masked face," is a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease, resulting from decreased facial muscle control.

A. Measure the client's apical pulse rate for 30 seconds before administration. B. Withhold the medication if the client's heart rate is above 100/min. C. Instruct the client to eat foods that are low in potassium. D. Monitor the client for nausea, vomiting, and yellow vision.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The nurse should measure the apical pulse for a full minute (not 30 seconds) before administering digoxin. If the pulse is below 60 beats per minute, the medication should be withheld, making this option incomplete.
B. Digoxin should be withheld if the heart rate is below 60/min, not above 100/min. This statement does not reflect proper nursing protocol.
C. Clients taking digoxin should maintain adequate potassium levels, so advising low potassium intake is incorrect. Foods rich in potassium are encouraged.
D. Monitoring for symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and yellow vision is essential, as these may indicate digoxin toxicity, making this option correct.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of the spinal cord. Which of the following statements by a nursing student indicates understanding?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client. Exhibits For each client finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with Parkinson's disease, stroke, and/or multiple sclerosis. Each finding can support more than one disease process.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"E":{"answers":"A"}}

Explanation

A nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who is receiving digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is caring for a client who recently had a stroke. The client requires assistance with strengthening the affected side. Which of the following referrals should the nurse anticipate the provider to make?

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is admitted with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the left leg. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy about the risk for sudden cardiac death. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has a heart rate of 56/min. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a complication of this disorder?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking benztropine to treat Parkinson's disease. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?