A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about Piaget's stages of cognitive development. The nurse should reinforce that abstract thinking develops during which of the following stages?
Concrete operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Formal operational
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is: d. Formal operational
Choice A: Concrete operational
During the concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11, children develop logical thinking skills. They begin to understand the concept of conservation, the idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance. However, their thinking is still very concrete and tied to tangible objects and real events. Abstract thinking is not yet developed at this stage.
Choice B: Sensorimotor
The sensorimotor stage spans from birth to about 2 years of age. In this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. They develop object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Abstract thinking does not occur in this stage as infants are focused on immediate sensory experiences and motor activities.
Choice C: Preoperational
The preoperational stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 7. During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they do not yet understand concrete logic. Their thinking is still egocentric, meaning they have difficulty seeing things from perspectives other than their own. Abstract thinking is not a characteristic of this stage.
Choice D: Formal operational
The formal operational stage begins around age 12 and continues into adulthood. This stage is characterized by the development of abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning. Individuals in this stage can think about abstract concepts, consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions, and use systematic ways to solve problems. This stage marks the emergence of scientific reasoning and the ability to think about abstract ideas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason : Continue to talk to the client as if they are awake.Even when a client is unresponsive, they may still be able to hear and benefit from hearing a familiar voice. Continuing to talk to the client can provide comfort and reassurance during the end-of-life stage⁷.
Choice B reason : Whisper when talking in the client's room.Whispering can create a sense of secrecy and exclusion. It is important to communicate in a normal tone, respecting the client's presence and dignity⁷.
Choice C reason : Limit the client's visitors to one at a time.Limiting visitors can be appropriate in certain situations to maintain a calm environment; however, it should be based on the client's wishes and needs, not as a general practice⁷.
Choice D reason : Avoid touching the client.Appropriate touch can be comforting to an unresponsive client, conveying care and presence. It should not be avoided unless there is a specific reason to do so, such as pain or discomfort⁷.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason : Using a cane to ambulate is generally a measure to improve stability and reduce the risk of falling for individuals who may have balance or mobility issues. It is not inherently a risk factor for falls; rather, it is a compensatory strategy to mitigate the risk of falls1.
Choice B reason : Macular degeneration can significantly impact visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, leading to difficulties in navigation and increasing the risk of tripping or misjudging distances. Poor vision is a well-documented risk factor for falls, especially in unfamiliar or complex environments.
Choice C reason : A grab bar in the bathroom is a safety device installed to provide stability and support for individuals while they are using the bathroom facilities. It is a preventive measure against falls and does not increase the risk of falling.
Choice D reason : An electrical cord on the floor over a walkway is a tripping hazard. It is a common home hazard that can cause falls, especially in the elderly or those with mobility and visual impairments78.
Choice E reason : Unsecured throw rugs over tile floors are a recognized fall hazard. They can easily slip underfoot or cause tripping if the edges are not secured, which is particularly dangerous in areas like the kitchen where spills can make the floor even more slippery.
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