A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who reports they are beginning to rebel against their caregivers and spend more time with their friends.
The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

Choice A rationale;

Inability to form healthy relationships: This is more commonly associated with fixation at the phallic stage.

Choice B rationale:

Feelings of shame are associated with Freud's psychosexual stages, particularly during the anal stage. Fixation at the oral stage is more likely to result in issues related to dependency and oral fixation, which may manifest as habits like nail-biting or smoking, rather than feelings of shame.

Choice C rationale:

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, fixation at the oral stage can lead to oral personality traits. These traits are often associated with oral activities like eating, drinking, smoking, and talking. Overeating is a common behavior linked to oral fixation, as it represents a seeking of oral gratification.

Choice D rationale:

Bedwetting is not typically associated with fixation at the oral stage of development. Bedwetting is more commonly linked to issues at the anal stage. In the oral stage, the fixation is primarily related to dependency and oral behaviors. .

Choice A rationale:

Full-thickness skin loss with visible adipose tissue is not indicative of a stage 1 pressure injury. A stage 1 pressure injury involves intact skin with localized erythema. Full-thickness skin loss with visible adipose tissue is more characteristic of a stage 2 or higher pressure injury.

Choice B rationale:

Intact skin with localized erythema is the hallmark of a stage 1 pressure injury. In this stage, the skin is still intact, but there is non-blanchable erythema (redness) that indicates tissue damage. There is no full-thickness skin loss, and the underlying structures are not visible.

Choice C rationale:

Full-thickness skin loss with visible bone is not characteristic of a stage 1 pressure injury. This description is more in line with a stage 4 pressure injury, where there is extensive tissue loss, and bone or other underlying structures are visible.

Choice D rationale:

Partial-thickness skin loss with red tissue in the wound bed is not indicative of a stage 1 pressure injury. This description is more typical of a stage 2 pressure injury, where there is partial-thickness skin loss, but the wound bed may contain pink or red tissue without visible adipose tissue.