A nurse is assessing a client who has a stage 2 pressure injury.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A rationale:

Administering IV medication via an oral route is a medication error and should be reported.

Choice B rationale:

A client vomiting their morning medications is an adverse event, but not all adverse events require an incident report. The nurse should assess the situation and report if it poses a risk to the patient's health.

Choice C rationale:

Administering a lipid-lowering medication to a client one hour after the scheduled time is a medication error, but again, the need for an incident report depends on the potential harm to the patient. In some cases, reporting this incident may be necessary.

Choice D rationale

An allergic reaction can occur in clients with no known drug allergies. Unless a drug was given in known allergies, it does not require an incident report.

Choice A rationale:

Abstract thinking develops during Piaget's formal operational stage, not the preoperational stage. The preoperational stage is characterized by symbolic thinking and egocentrism but lacks the ability for abstract thought.

Choice B rationale:

Concrete operational thinking is focused on logical and systematic thinking related to concrete objects and events, and it does not involve abstract thinking. Abstract thinking, including hypothetical and deductive reasoning, is a feature of the formal operational stage.

Choice C rationale:

Abstract thinking and formal operational thought develop during Piaget's formal operational stage, which typically begins in adolescence and continues into adulthood. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically, solve complex problems, and consider abstract concepts.

Choice D rationale:

The sensorimotor stage is the earliest stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, and it is primarily concerned with sensory and motor exploration. Abstract thinking is not a component of this stage. .