A nurse is teaching a class about spirituality in clients who are near the end of life.
Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale:

"Apply lotion between the toes.”. Applying lotion between the toes is not a recommended practice for individuals with diabetic neuropathy. The rationale for this is that excess moisture between the toes can create an environment conducive to fungal infections, which individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to due to compromised immune function and poor circulation.

Choice B rationale:

"Wear open-toed shoes.”. Wearing open-toed shoes is generally not recommended for individuals with diabetic neuropathy. Open-toed shoes expose the feet to potential injury and do not provide adequate protection. It's essential to wear closed-toed, well-fitting shoes to prevent foot injuries and complications.

Choice C rationale:

"Avoid walking barefoot.”. The correct answer, "Avoid walking barefoot," is a crucial instruction for individuals with diabetic neuropathy. Walking barefoot increases the risk of injury, as patients with neuropathy may not feel pain or discomfort from small cuts or injuries to their feet. It is essential to protect the feet by wearing shoes or slippers to minimize the risk of wounds and infections.

Choice D rationale:

Choice A rationale;

Inability to form healthy relationships: This is more commonly associated with fixation at the phallic stage.

Choice B rationale:

Feelings of shame are associated with Freud's psychosexual stages, particularly during the anal stage. Fixation at the oral stage is more likely to result in issues related to dependency and oral fixation, which may manifest as habits like nail-biting or smoking, rather than feelings of shame.

Choice C rationale:

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, fixation at the oral stage can lead to oral personality traits. These traits are often associated with oral activities like eating, drinking, smoking, and talking. Overeating is a common behavior linked to oral fixation, as it represents a seeking of oral gratification.

Choice D rationale:

Bedwetting is not typically associated with fixation at the oral stage of development. Bedwetting is more commonly linked to issues at the anal stage. In the oral stage, the fixation is primarily related to dependency and oral behaviors. .