A nurse is teaching a class about spirituality in clients who are near the end of life.
Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale:

Keeping the feet together when lifting an object is not a proper body mechanics technique. It can lead to instability and an increased risk of injury because the base of support is not wide enough. Therefore, this choice does not indicate an understanding of body mechanics.

Choice B rationale:

Bending at the hip when lifting is also an incorrect body mechanics technique. Proper body mechanics involve bending at the knees and keeping the back straight to reduce the risk of back injuries. Bending at the hips can strain the lower back, making it an incorrect choice.

Choice C rationale:

Twisting the spine when lifting is a harmful practice in body mechanics. Twisting the spine can lead to spinal injuries, especially when lifting heavy objects. Proper body mechanics emphasize keeping the spine aligned and not twisting during lifting. Therefore, this choice does not indicate an understanding of body mechanics.

Choice D rationale:

Standing close to the object being moved is the correct body mechanics technique. This choice demonstrates an understanding of proper body mechanics because it reduces the strain on the back and minimizes the effort required to lift a heavy object. Keeping a wide base of support and using the leg muscles rather than the back muscles are essential principles of proper body mechanics. This is the correct choice. .

Choice A rationale:

Piaget's formal operational stage is characterized by abstract thinking, hypothesis testing, and logical reasoning, but it does not include the development of object permanence. This stage typically occurs during adolescence, not in early childhood when object permanence is established.

Choice B rationale:

The preoperational stage is characterized by the development of symbolic thought and egocentrism but not object permanence. Object permanence starts to develop during the sensorimotor stage.

Choice C rationale:

Concrete operational thinking is focused on logical and systematic thinking related to concrete objects and events. It does not include the development of object permanence, which occurs in the earlier sensorimotor stage.

Choice D rationale:

Object permanence is a concept that develops during Piaget's sensorimotor stage, which typically occurs from birth to about two years of age. During this stage, children learn that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. They develop the ability to represent objects mentally and understand the concept of permanence.