A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses on the different levels of illness prevention.
The nurse should include which of the following as an example of secondary prevention?

A client who has a family history of breast cancer is scheduled for a mammogram.

A client who has heart failure is scheduled for an echocardiogram.

A client who is asymptomatic is not scheduled for a series of tests.

A client is scheduled to receive an influenza vaccination.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

This is an example of secondary prevention, which is the action taken to stop the progress of the disease at the initial stage and prevent complications. An echocardiogram can help diagnose the severity and cause of heart failure and guide the treatment plan.

A client who has a family history of breast cancer and is scheduled for a mammogram is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention is early detection of a disease before it progresses. Secondary prevention can include screenings and other forms of diagnostic tests.

This is an example of tertiary prevention, which is the action taken to stop the progress of the disease at the initial stage and prevent complication. An echocardiogram can help diagnose the severity and cause of heart failure and guide the treatment plan.

Choice C is wrong because it is not an example of any level of prevention.

A client who is asymptomatic is not scheduled for a series of tests because there is no indication of any disease or risk factor.

Choice D is wrong because it is an example of primary prevention, which is the action taken to prevent the development of disease.

A client who is scheduled to receive an influenza vaccination is protected from getting infected by the virus and developing flu-related complications.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

These are some of the criteria used to assist in making the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2015 report.

Choice B is wrong because recent exposure to influenza is not a criterion for CFS diagnosis. Although some cases of CFS may be triggered by viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus or human herpes virus 6, there is no specific evidence that influenza causes CFS.

Choice A is correct because CFS is not caused by a primary condition. CFS is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that other possible causes of fatigue, such as sleep disorders, anemia, diabetes, thyroid problems, or mental health issues, must be ruled out before making the diagnosis.

Choice C is correct because unrefreshing sleep is one of the required symptoms for CFS diagnosis. Patients with CFS may not feel better or less tired even after a full night of sleep despite the absence of specific objective sleep alterations. Choice D is correct because fatigue that is not relieved by stress reduction is another required symptom for CFS diagnosis. Patients with CFS experience post-exertional malaise (PEM), which means that their symptoms worsen after physical, mental, or emotional exertion that would not have caused a problem before the illness.

Choice E is correct because severe tiredness for 2 months or more is one of the additional manifestations that must be present for CFS diagnosis. The IOM 2015 report states that the fatigue associated with CFS must last for more than 6 months and occur at least half the time at moderate, substantial or severe intensity.

A. Closing doors and windows to prevent draft (current of air with motion). B. Keeping a hat on the baby’s head. C. Thoroughly drying infant after a bath. D. Placing a warm blanket on the scale prior to obtaining baby’s weight.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

This is because heat loss by conduction occurs when two objects with different temperatures come into direct contact with each other. The baby’s skin would lose heat to the cold scale by conduction if there was no warm blanket between them.

Choice A is wrong because closing doors and windows to prevent draft (current of air with motion) would prevent heat loss by convection, not conduction. Convection is the transfer of heat from a body to moving molecules such as air or liquid.

Choice B is wrong because keeping a hat on the baby’s head would prevent heat loss by radiation, not conduction. Radiation is the transfer of heat from a body to the surroundings by electromagnetic waves.

Choice C is wrong because thoroughly drying infant after a bath would prevent heat loss by evaporation, not conduction. Evaporation is the process of liquid changing into gas and carrying away heat from the body surface.

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A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses on the different levels of illness prevention. The nurse should include which of the following as an example of secondary prevention?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic fatigue syndrome. Which of the following criteria were used to assist in making this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse knows that infants have a high risk of hypothermia due to decreased brown fat, immature skin, and poorly developed thermoregulatory mechanism. Which nursing intervention is done to prevent heat loss by conduction?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A charge nurse is providing an in-service to a group of nurses on the different levels of illness prevention.
The nurse should include which of the following as an example of secondary prevention?