A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about cultural bias in health care. The nurse should include that which of the following can occur as a result of cultural bias?

Choice A reason : Cultural bias can negatively impact data collection by causing healthcare providers to make assumptions based on stereotypes rather than individual assessments. This can lead to incomplete or inaccurate data, as certain symptoms or health issues may be overlooked or misattributed to cultural factors.

Choice B reason : Cultural bias can significantly impair the therapeutic relationship between healthcare providers and clients. When providers have preconceived notions about a patient's culture, they may communicate less effectively, make incorrect assumptions, or fail to build trust. This can result in a lack of adherence to treatment plans and decreased patient satisfaction.

Choice C reason : While spending more time with each client could be seen as beneficial, cultural bias does not inherently lead to this outcome. In fact, bias may cause providers to spend less time with clients from certain backgrounds due to misconceptions or communication barriers.

Choice D reason : Cultural bias is a known contributor to healthcare disparities, not a solution to them. Biases can lead to unequal treatment, access, and outcomes across different cultural groups.

Choice A reason : Trust vs. Mistrust.The stage of Trust vs. Mistrust is the first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months of age. In this stage, the infant is uncertain about the world and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care. If the caregiver is reliable, consistent, and nurturing, the child will develop a sense of trust, believing that the world is safe and that people are dependable and affectionate. This sense of trust allows the child to feel secure even when threatened and extends into their other relationships, maintaining their sense of security amidst potential threats.

Choice B reason : Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.The stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is the second stage of Erikson's theory, spanning the toddler years from 18 months to three years. In this stage, toddlers begin to assert their independence by making choices and taking control over their actions. Success in this stage leads to feelings of autonomy, while failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. However, this stage is not applicable to the scenario described, as it involves an infant, not a toddler.

Choice C reason : Identity vs. Role Confusion.Identity vs. Role Confusion is the fifth stage, occurring during the teen years from 12 to 18. This stage is characterized by the exploration of personal identity and the development of a sense of self. The scenario provided does not pertain to an adolescent, so this stage is not relevant to the infant's experience.

Choice D reason : Integrity vs. Despair.The stage of Integrity vs. Despair is the eighth and final stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in older adulthood from 65 to death. This stage involves reflecting on one's life and either concluding it with a sense of integrity and fulfillment or with a sense of despair over a life misspent. This stage is not applicable to the infant described in the scenario.