A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of bladder cancer. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take to promote comfort?

Choice A reason : Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common side effect of diphenhydramine, an antihistamine used to treat insomnia among other conditions. It occurs because diphenhydramine has anticholinergic properties, which means it inhibits the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This inhibition can reduce saliva production, leading to a feeling of dryness in the mouth.

Choice B reason : Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a typical side effect of diphenhydramine. While some medications, particularly decongestants, can raise blood pressure, diphenhydramine does not usually have this effect. However, individuals with pre-existing heart conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using it.

Choice C reason : Memory loss is not commonly listed as a side effect of diphenhydramine. However, because it can cause drowsiness and has sedative effects, it may lead to temporary forgetfulness or confusion, especially in older adults or when taken in higher doses.

Choice D reason : 'Medications' is not an adverse reaction but rather a general term for drugs used to diagnose, treat, or prevent illness. In the context of diphenhydramine, it would be more appropriate to discuss specific side effects or adverse reactions related to its use.

Choice A reason : Prolonged grief, also known as complicated grief, is characterized by an intense longing and preoccupation with thoughts or memories of a loved one, which persists long after the loss has occurred. It can significantly impair important areas of functioning and is defined by the DSM-5-TR as grief that stays with you long-term. The client's inability to accept the loss after three years suggests that they may be experiencing prolonged grief, which may require the guidance of a mental health professional for resolution.

Choice B reason : Uncomplicated grief, also known as normal grief, involves a range of feelings, including sadness, anger, and longing, that gradually start to improve over time. The person experiencing uncomplicated grief will begin to accept the loss and resume normal activities. Since the client is still unable to accept the loss after three years, this would not be classified as uncomplicated grief.

Choice C reason : Disenfranchised grief occurs when an individual's grief is not acknowledged or validated by society, often because the relationship to the deceased is not recognized, such as in the case of a pet or a distant relative. This type of grief is not typically associated with the duration of the grief but rather with the social context in which the grieving occurs.

Choice D reason : Anticipatory grief occurs before the actual loss, often in situations where a loved one is terminally ill. It involves grieving the impending loss and can include some of the same emotions as post-loss grief. Since the client's partner has already died, this would not be considered anticipatory grief.