A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of bladder cancer. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take to promote comfort?

Choice A reason : Sitting upright unsupported is a motor skill that typically develops after a baby has gained enough strength and balance, which usually occurs around 6 months of age. Before they can sit unsupported, infants need to develop control over their head and neck muscles, as well as their upper body strength.

Choice B reason : Standing while holding on to furniture, also known as cruising, is a skill that comes later in the first year of life, usually after the infant has mastered sitting and crawling. This skill is often seen around 9 to 12 months of age as the infant's leg and core muscles become strong enough to support their weight in an upright position.

Choice C reason : Transferring an object from hand to hand is a fine motor skill that develops as an infant's hand-eye coordination improves. This skill typically emerges around 4 to 6 months of age, after the infant has developed the ability to grasp objects and has begun to explore their environment more actively with their hands.

Choice D reason : Rolling from side to side is one of the first gross motor skills that infants develop, usually occurring around 2 to 4 months of age. This skill is an important precursor to more complex movements such as sitting, crawling, and walking. It begins with the infant learning to control their head movements and then progresses to rolling over from their stomach to their back and vice versa.

Choice A reason : Denial is the first stage of the Kübler-Ross model of grief. In this stage, individuals believe the diagnosis is somehow mistaken, and cling to a false, preferable reality. It is a defense mechanism that buffers the immediate shock of the loss, numbing us to our emotions.

Choice B reason : Anger is the second stage of grief. As the masking effects of denial begin to wear off, reality and its pain re-emerge. The intense emotion is deflected from our vulnerable core, redirected and expressed instead as anger. The anger may be aimed at inanimate objects, complete strangers, friends, or family.

Choice C reason : Bargaining is the third stage. It involves the hope that the individual can avoid a cause of grief. Usually, the negotiation for an extended life is made with a higher power in exchange for a reformed lifestyle.

Choice D reason : Acceptance is the final stage of grief. In this stage, individuals embrace mortality or the inevitable future, or that of a loved one, or other tragic event. People dying may precede the survivors in this state, which typically comes with a calm, retrospective view for the individual, and a stable condition of emotions.