A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about physiological changes that occur during sleep. The nurse should include that which of the following changes occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep?

Choice A reason : Cultural bias does not typically result in an increased amount of time spent with each client. In fact, cultural bias can lead to unequal time allocation, where some clients may receive less attention due to preconceived notions or stereotypes.

Choice B reason : Improved data collection on clients.Cultural bias can negatively affect the quality of data collection on clients. It can lead to assumptions that overlook individual client needs and circumstances, resulting in incomplete or inaccurate health records.

Choice C reason : Increased disparities in health care.Cultural bias in health care can lead to increased disparities. It affects how healthcare providers perceive and interact with patients from different cultural backgrounds, potentially resulting in unequal treatment, misdiagnosis, and reduced access to care for certain groups.

Choice D reason : Improved therapeutic communication with clients.Cultural bias can impair therapeutic communication with clients. When healthcare providers harbor unconscious biases, it can hinder effective communication, leading to misunderstandings and a lack of trust.

Choice A reason : Allow extra time to communicate with the client.Allowing extra time to communicate is essential when caring for clients with impaired speech. This approach respects the client's pace and supports their efforts to express themselves, which can be a time-consuming process. It also helps to reduce frustration and anxiety that the client may feel if rushed⁵.

Choice B reason : Ask open-ended questions.Asking open-ended questions to a client with impaired speech can be challenging for them to answer and may lead to frustration. Instead, it's recommended to ask yes/no questions or provide choices to facilitate easier communication⁵.

Choice C reason : Finish sentences for the client.Finishing sentences for a client with impaired speech is generally discouraged as it can lead to miscommunication and may make the client feel disempowered. It's important to allow the client to express themselves in their own words and time⁵.

Choice D reason : Avoid using visual aids for communication.Using visual aids can be very helpful for clients with impaired speech. Visual aids such as pictures, gestures, or writing can support understanding and expression, making communication more effective⁵.