A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about motor skills that develop in the first year of life. The nurse should include that which of the following motor skills develops first?

Sitting upright unsupported

Standing holding on to furniture

Transferring an object from hand to hand

Rolling from side to side

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason : Sitting upright unsupported is a motor skill that typically develops after a baby has gained enough strength and balance, which usually occurs around 6 months of age. Before they can sit unsupported, infants need to develop control over their head and neck muscles, as well as their upper body strength.

Choice B reason : Standing while holding on to furniture, also known as cruising, is a skill that comes later in the first year of life, usually after the infant has mastered sitting and crawling. This skill is often seen around 9 to 12 months of age as the infant's leg and core muscles become strong enough to support their weight in an upright position.

Choice C reason : Transferring an object from hand to hand is a fine motor skill that develops as an infant's hand-eye coordination improves. This skill typically emerges around 4 to 6 months of age, after the infant has developed the ability to grasp objects and has begun to explore their environment more actively with their hands.

Choice D reason : Rolling from side to side is one of the first gross motor skills that infants develop, usually occurring around 2 to 4 months of age. This skill is an important precursor to more complex movements such as sitting, crawling, and walking. It begins with the infant learning to control their head movements and then progresses to rolling over from their stomach to their back and vice versa.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason : Drinking caffeinated beverages in the evening.Caffeine is a stimulant that can significantly disrupt the sleep-wake cycle. Consuming caffeinated beverages in the evening can lead to difficulty initiating sleep because caffeine blocks the action of adenosine, a chemical that promotes sleep. The effects of caffeine can last several hours, thus affecting the quality and duration of sleep.

Choice B reason : Emotional stress activates the body's stress response, causing the release of hormones like cortisol, which increases alertness and can delay the onset of sleep. Chronic stress can lead to a hyperarousal state, making it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Choice C reason : Bright light.Exposure to bright light, especially blue light from screens, can interfere with the production of melatonin, the hormone that signals the body to prepare for sleep. This can shift the circadian rhythm and disrupt the sleep-wake cycle, making it harder to fall asleep at the usual time.

Choice D reason : A short nap during the day, typically 20-30 minutes, can be beneficial and usually does not interfere with nighttime sleep. However, longer or later naps can make it more difficult to fall asleep at night.

A. Use high-pitched tones to speak to the client. B. Speak to the client using a loud voice. C. Talk quickly when speaking to the client. D. Make eye contact with the client when speaking.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason : Using high-pitched tones is not recommended when speaking to a client with hearing loss. High-pitched sounds can be harder to hear for many people with hearing loss, as these sounds are often the first to be affected by auditory impairment. It's better to use a lower, natural tone and speak clearly.

Choice B reason : Speaking to the client using a loud voice is not advisable. While it might seem helpful, shouting can actually distort speech sounds and make it more difficult for the client to understand. Instead, the nurse should speak in a normal, clear voice and ensure the client's hearing aids are functioning if they use them.

Choice C reason : Talking quickly can make it difficult for a client with hearing loss to understand what is being said. It is important to speak at a moderate pace, enunciating clearly and allowing the client time to process the information. Rapid speech can blend words together, making it challenging for the client to follow the conversation.

Choice D reason : Making eye contact with the client when speaking is an effective communication strategy. It helps to engage the client and allows them to use visual cues such as lip-reading and facial expressions to better understand the conversation. Additionally, it ensures that the nurse has the client's attention before speaking.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a class about motor skills that develop in the first year of life. The nurse should include that which of the following motor skills develops first?

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