A nurse is assessing the pain status of a group of clients. Which of the following findings indicates a client is experiencing referred pain?

A client who has peritonitis reports generalized abdominal pain.

A client who has angina reports substernal chest pain.

A client who has pancreatitis reports pain in the left shoulder.

A client who is postoperative reports incisional pain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Referred pain is pain that is felt in a location different from its source due to shared nerve pathways or central nervous system processing. A client who has pancreatitis may experience pain in the left shoulder due to irritation of the diaphragm by pancreatic enzymes or inflammation. This pain is referred from the abdominal cavity to the shoulder through the phrenic nerve.

A client who has peritonitis reports generalized abdominal pain that corresponds to the site of inflammation and infection in the peritoneum. A client who has angina reports substernal chest pain that reflects the ischemia and hypoxia of the myocardium. A client who is postoperative reports incisional pain that is caused by tissue damage and inflammation at the surgical site.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Compartment syndrome is a condition in which increased pressure within a confined space compromises blood flow and tissue perfusion, leading to ischemia and necrosis. It can occur after trauma, fracture, or casting of an extremity. The early signs of compartment syndrome include intense pain with movement that is not relieved by analgesics or elevation, paresthesia, pallor, and decreased sensation and motor function of the affected limb. The late signs include absent distal pulses, cyanosis, coldness, and paralysis. Therefore, option A is correct.

A. To deliver a set tidal volume B. To provide positive airway pressure during inspiration C. To control the rate of ventilations D. To prevent alveolar collapse

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a mode of mechanical ventilation that maintains a positive pressure in the airways at the end of expiration, preventing alveolar collapse and improving oxygenation. PEEP does not affect tidal volume, inspiratory pressure, or ventilation rate, which are determined by other ventilator settings.

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A nurse is assessing the pain status of a group of clients. Which of the following findings indicates a client is experiencing referred pain?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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