A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions is most likely to cause incontinence in the older adult client?
Cystitis
Nephrosclerosis
Diverticulitis
Uremia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cystitis, or a urinary tract infection (UTI), is a common cause of sudden-onset urinary incontinence in older adults. UTIs can lead to irritation of the bladder, increasing the urgency and frequency of urination, and sometimes causing incontinence.
B. Nephrosclerosis involves the hardening of the renal arteries, which can lead to chronic kidney disease, but it is not a typical cause of sudden-onset urinary incontinence.
C. Diverticulitis affects the colon and does not directly cause urinary incontinence. It is more associated with gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.
D. Uremia is a condition resulting from severe kidney dysfunction, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood, but it does not directly cause sudden-onset urinary incontinence.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Vitamin E requirements do not decline during pregnancy. In fact, pregnant women need adequate levels of vitamin E for its antioxidant properties and support of fetal development.
B. While iron needs increase during pregnancy, they do not require doubling. The typical recommendation is an additional 27 mg of iron per day during pregnancy, not double the usual intake.
C. Prenatal vitamins generally provide an adequate amount of vitamin D, but it might not be sufficient for everyone. Depending on individual needs and exposure to sunlight, additional vitamin D supplements may be necessary.
D. During breastfeeding, calcium needs increase to support both maternal bone health and adequate calcium supply for the infant through breast milk. It is important to increase calcium intake to meet these elevated needs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While rupture of the membranes can be an indication of labor, it is not a definitive sign of true labor on its own. Membranes can rupture before labor begins, or labor can start without membrane rupture.
B. The pattern of contractions can be variable in false labor and does not alone distinguish between true and false labor. True labor contractions typically become progressively stronger, more regular, and closer together.
C. Changes in the cervix, such as dilation and effacement, are clear indicators of true labor. In true labor, the cervix undergoes progressive changes, while in false labor, these changes do not occur.
D. The station of the presenting part refers to the position of the fetus in relation to the ischial spines and is not a standalone indicator of true labor. Cervical changes are a more definitive sign.
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