A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions is most likely to cause incontinence in the older adult client?

Cystitis

Nephrosclerosis

Diverticulitis

Uremia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Cystitis, or a urinary tract infection (UTI), is a common cause of sudden-onset urinary incontinence in older adults. UTIs can lead to irritation of the bladder, increasing the urgency and frequency of urination, and sometimes causing incontinence.
B. Nephrosclerosis involves the hardening of the renal arteries, which can lead to chronic kidney disease, but it is not a typical cause of sudden-onset urinary incontinence.
C. Diverticulitis affects the colon and does not directly cause urinary incontinence. It is more associated with gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.
D. Uremia is a condition resulting from severe kidney dysfunction, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood, but it does not directly cause sudden-onset urinary incontinence.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Vitamin E requirements do not decline during pregnancy. In fact, pregnant women need adequate levels of vitamin E for its antioxidant properties and support of fetal development.
B. While iron needs increase during pregnancy, they do not require doubling. The typical recommendation is an additional 27 mg of iron per day during pregnancy, not double the usual intake.
C. Prenatal vitamins generally provide an adequate amount of vitamin D, but it might not be sufficient for everyone. Depending on individual needs and exposure to sunlight, additional vitamin D supplements may be necessary.
D. During breastfeeding, calcium needs increase to support both maternal bone health and adequate calcium supply for the infant through breast milk. It is important to increase calcium intake to meet these elevated needs.

A. "This will happen by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy." B. "This will occur between the fourth and fifth months of pregnancy." C. "This will occur during the last trimester of pregnancy." D. "This will happen once the uterus begins to rise out of the pelvis."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Quickening, or the first movements of the fetus felt by the mother, typically occurs between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation, which is well after the first trimester.
B. Quickening generally occurs between the fourth and fifth months of pregnancy (16 to 20 weeks). By this time, the fetal movements are usually felt by the mother.
C. Quickening does not occur during the last trimester but rather in the middle of pregnancy.
D. The uterus rising out of the pelvis typically occurs earlier in the second trimester and is not directly related to the onset of quickening.

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A nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports a sudden onset of urinary incontinence. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions is most likely to cause incontinence in the older adult client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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