A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is at 12 weeks gestation. The client asks about the cause of her heartburn. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Retained bile in the liver results in delayed digestion.
Increased estrogen production causes increased secretion of hydrochloric acid.
Pressure from the growing uterus displaces the stomach.
Increased progesterone production causes relaxation of the smooth muscle relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and delayed gastric emptying.
The Correct Answer is D
A) Retained bile in the liver results in delayed digestion: This statement is not related to the cause of heartburn.
B) Increased estrogen production causes increased secretion of hydrochloric acid: While hormonal changes during pregnancy can contribute to heartburn, it is specifically increased progesterone that leads to relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and delayed gastric emptying, which are more directly linked to heartburn.
C) Pressure from the growing uterus displaces the stomach: Uterine pressure on the stomach can lead to a feeling of fullness, but it is not the primary cause of heartburn during pregnancy.
D) Increased progesterone production causes relaxation of the smooth muscle relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and delayed gastric emptying: This is the correct answer. Increased progesterone levels during pregnancy relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to gastric acid reflux into the esophagus and causing heartburn.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: "I should not drink alcoholic beverages during my pregnancy." Correct, as alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and other adverse outcomes.
Choice B: "I should drink about 2 liters of fluid each day." Correct, as adequate hydration is essential during pregnancy.
Choice C: "I can have a moderate amount of caffeine daily." Correct, as moderate caffeine consumption is generally considered safe during pregnancy (around 200300 mg per day).
Choice D: During pregnancy, certain fish types can be high in mercury, which can be harmful to the developing fetus. Fish with high mercury levels should be limited or avoided during pregnancy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D: Leopold maneuvers are used to determine the fetal position and presentation by palpating the abdomen. ROA stands for Right Occiput Anterior, which means the baby's head is presenting and facing towards the mother's right side (Occiput) and positioned anteriorly (front of the pelvis).
This position is a common and favorable presentation for a vaginal delivery.
Choice A: Shoulder presentation is when the baby is presenting with the shoulder rather than the head. It is an abnormal presentation and requires a cesarean delivery.
Choice B: Mentum presentation is a type of face presentation, where the baby's chin (mentum) is presenting instead of the head. It is also an abnormal presentation and usually requires a cesarean delivery.
Choice C: Breech presentation is when the baby's buttocks or feet are presenting first instead of the head. It is another abnormal presentation that may require a cesarean delivery or careful vaginal delivery with a skilled healthcare provider.
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