A nurse midwife is examining a client who is a primigravida at 42 weeks of gestation and states that she believes she is in labor. Which of the following findings confirm to the nurse that the client is in labor?
"Report of pain above the umbilicus"
"Amniotic fluid in the vaginal vault"
"Brownish vaginal discharge"
"Cervical dilation"
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Pain above the umbilicus may be associated with various conditions during pregnancy, but it is not a definitive sign of labor.
Choice B: The presence of amniotic fluid in the vaginal vault (rupture of membranes or "water breaking") can be a sign of labor, but it is not the most specific indicator.
Choice C: Brownish vaginal discharge may indicate the passage of old blood or "bloody show," which can be a sign of impending labor. However, it is not as reliable as cervical dilation.
Choice D: Cervical dilation is one of the most definitive signs of labor. As the cervix opens and thins (effaces), it allows for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Cervical dilation is an essential indicator of active labor.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Smoking is not directly associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the baby.
Choice B: While smoking during pregnancy can have various effects on the baby's health, hearing loss is not one of the common complications.
Choice C: Although smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects, intrauterine growth restriction is a more likely complication based on the client's smoking history.
Choice D: Smoking during pregnancy is associated with various adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It can cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), where the baby does not grow at the expected rate and has a lower birth weight. Smoking reduces blood flow to the placenta, which can affect the baby's growth and development.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Leukorrhea, which refers to an increase in vaginal discharge, is a common discomfort during pregnancy and is generally not a cause for concern.
Choice B: Painful and tender areas on the leg may be a sign of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a potentially dangerous condition. During pregnancy, there is an increased risk of developing blood clots, and DVT can be a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention.
Choice C: Nausea and vomiting are common in early pregnancy and are usually associated with morning sickness. While it can be uncomfortable, it is generally not considered a dangerous symptom unless it leads to severe dehydration.
Choice D: Urinary frequency is a common discomfort during pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimesters. Although it can be bothersome, it is not typically a sign of immediate danger.
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