A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Dark hair

Female gender

History of chronic skin irritation

Age 19 to 30 years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Dark hair is not a recognized risk factor for developing malignant melanoma. Melanoma is more commonly associated with individuals having fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes because they have less melanin to protect their skin from UV radiation.

Choice B reason:
While female gender is not a direct risk factor for malignant melanoma, it is important to note that melanoma rates can vary between genders at different ages. Generally, before age 50, melanoma rates are higher in women, but by age 65, rates are twice as high in men.

Choice C reason:
A history of chronic skin irritation or inflammation can potentially increase the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma. Chronic inflammation can lead to DNA damage and contribute to the development of cancerous cells.

Choice D reason:
Age 19 to 30 years is not considered a high-risk age group for malignant melanoma. The risk of melanoma increases with age, and it is most frequently diagnosed in older adults, although it is not uncommon in younger people.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Venous insufficiency can contribute to the development of chronic wounds, particularly in the lower extremities. It is characterized by the inability of the veins to adequately return blood from the legs back to the heart, which can lead to pooling of blood and increased pressure in the veins. This can cause skin changes and ulcers, particularly around the ankles.

Choice B reason:
Malnutrition is indeed a systemic cause of chronic wounds. Adequate nutrition is essential for wound healing, as it provides the necessary proteins, vitamins, and minerals that play a crucial role in the repair process. Protein-energy malnutrition, deficiencies in vitamins C and D, zinc, and other nutrients can impair wound healing and lead to chronic wounds.

Choice C reason:
Infection is typically a local rather than a systemic cause of chronic wounds. While systemic infections can affect wound healing, local wound infections are more directly responsible for delayed healing and the chronicity of wounds. Bacteria can colonize the wound and impede the healing process, leading to a chronic wound.

Choice D reason:
Continued pressure, much like infection, is generally a local cause of chronic wounds. It is most commonly associated with the development of pressure ulcers in individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility. The constant pressure on certain areas of the body can lead to tissue ischemia and necrosis, resulting in a chronic wound.

A. Adjust the rate of the bladder irrigant. B. Irrigate the catheter. C. Check the tubing for kinks. D. Notify the provider.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Adjusting the rate of the bladder irrigant may be necessary if there is an issue with the flow or the amount of fluid, but it is not the first action to take. The nurse must first ensure that there is no mechanical obstruction causing the lack of drainage.

Choice B reason:
Irrigating the catheter could be the next step if checking the tubing does not resolve the issue. However, it is not the first action to take because if there is a kink in the tubing, irrigation will not be effective and could potentially cause harm.

Choice C reason:
The first action the nurse should take is to check the tubing for kinks because this is a common and easily correctable cause of obstruction in catheter drainage. If the tubing is kinked, straightening it may allow urine to drain properly.

Choice D reason:
Notifying the provider is important if the other interventions do not resolve the issue. However, it is not the first action to take. The nurse should first perform basic troubleshooting steps to identify and correct any simple mechanical issues with the catheter system.

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A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with a chronic wound. Which of the following is a systemic cause of chronic wounds?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is 5 hours postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse notes that the client's indwelling urinary catheter has not drained in the past hour. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a history of recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

During a routine physical examination, a nurse observes a 1-cm (0.4-in) lesion on a client's chest. The lesion is raised and flesh-colored with pearly white borders. The nurse should recognize that this finding is suggestive of which of the following types of skin cancer?

A nurse is educating coworkers about how to minimize back strain and avoid repeated episodes of low back pain. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is teaching a client who is to begin taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. The nurse should instruct the client to expect which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?

The nurse is planning preoperative care for a client who has a fractured wrist. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy to treat lung cancer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a subtotal thyroidectomy. The client reports a tingling sensation in the hands, the soles of the feet, and around the lips. For which of the following findings should the nurse assess the client?