A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Dark hair

Female gender

History of chronic skin irritation

Age 19 to 30 years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Dark hair is not a recognized risk factor for developing malignant melanoma. Melanoma is more commonly associated with individuals having fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes because they have less melanin to protect their skin from UV radiation.

Choice B reason:
While female gender is not a direct risk factor for malignant melanoma, it is important to note that melanoma rates can vary between genders at different ages. Generally, before age 50, melanoma rates are higher in women, but by age 65, rates are twice as high in men.

Choice C reason:
A history of chronic skin irritation or inflammation can potentially increase the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma. Chronic inflammation can lead to DNA damage and contribute to the development of cancerous cells.

Choice D reason:
Age 19 to 30 years is not considered a high-risk age group for malignant melanoma. The risk of melanoma increases with age, and it is most frequently diagnosed in older adults, although it is not uncommon in younger people.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

While GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can be exacerbated by hormone therapy due to its potential effect on the lower esophageal sphincter, it is not typically a contraindication for HT unless the GERD is severe and not well controlled with treatment.

Choice B reason:
A history of breast cancer is a contraindication for hormone therapy. Estrogen can stimulate the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, and therefore, HT is not recommended for individuals with a current or past history of breast cancer.

Choice C reason:
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is not a contraindication for HT. While patients with COPD may have other comorbidities that could affect the safety of HT, COPD alone does not preclude the use of hormone therapy.

Choice D reason:
Dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin, is not a contraindication for HT. Skin conditions are not typically affected by hormone therapy, and HT may sometimes be beneficial for skin health during menopause.

A. Arthralgia B. Bradycardia C. Fecal impaction D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Arthralgia, or joint pain, is a common symptom associated with heterotopic ossification (HO), especially when it occurs near joints. The ectopic bone formation can lead to restricted movement and pain during joint movement.

Choice B reason:
Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not directly associated with HO. While spinal cord injuries can affect autonomic control and potentially lead to bradycardia, it is not a symptom specifically linked to the presence of HO.

Choice C reason:
Fecal impaction may occur in patients with spinal cord injuries due to mobility issues and changes in bowel function, but it is not a direct result of HO. HO does not typically affect bowel movements unless the ossification is in a location that mechanically obstructs the bowel.

Choice D reason:
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a symptom commonly associated with HO. While individuals with spinal cord injuries may experience dysregulation of blood pressure, this is not specifically related to HO.

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A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing menopausal symptoms and asks the nurse about menopausal hormone therapy (HT). The nurse should inform the client that HT is not recommended due to which of the following findings in the client's medical history?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has a spinal cord injury with heterotopic ossifications. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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