A nurse is collecting the medical history from a client who has manifestations of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should ask the client if he has a history of which of the following conditions that can cause SIADH?

Lung cancer

Osteoarthritis

Dyspepsia

Liver cirrhosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Certain malignancies, particularly lung cancer, can produce ectopic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or ADH-like substances, leading to SIADH. It's important to inquire about a history of lung cancer due to its association with SIADH.

B. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is not known to cause SIADH.

C. Dyspepsia refers to upper gastrointestinal discomfort and is not associated with SIADH.

D. Liver cirrhosis can lead to various complications, including hepatic encephalopathy and ascites, but it is not typically associated with SIADH.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution with a lower concentration of sodium than normal serum levels. It can help to lower the sodium levels in a client with hypernatremia by diluting the excess sodium in the body.
B. Dextrose 10% in water is hypertonic and not appropriate for a client with hypernatremia, as it could exacerbate the imbalance.
C. Lactated Ringer's is isotonic and contains sodium in a similar concentration to serum levels, hence it could further increase the sodium levels.
D. Dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride (also known as D5NS) is a hypertonic solution that contains both dextrose and sodium. It would not be appropriate for a client with hypernatremia, as it could exacerbate the condition.

A. Obtain a prescription for insulin for the client. B. Have the client breath into a paper bag. C. Place the client on continuous cardiac monitoring, D. Plan to administer sodium bicarbonate to the client.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Insulin administration is not indicated for metabolic alkalosis.
B. Breathing into a paper bag is a treatment for respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic alkalosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential to promptly identify and manage any dysrhythmias that may occur.
D. Administering sodium bicarbonate would exacerbate metabolic alkalosis and is not indicated.

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A nurse is collecting the medical history from a client who has manifestations of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should ask the client if he has a history of which of the following conditions that can cause SIADH?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is C

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