A nurse is planning to teach a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"You will be able to resume your regular diet as soon as the test is complete."

"After the procedure, you will be encouraged to drink plenty of fluids."

"High-frequency sound waves will be used to identify renal system structures."

"The procedure will be canceled if the urinalysis indicates the presence of red blood cells."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:

Resuming a regular diet immediately after the test may not always be recommended. Depending on the individual's condition and the specific instructions from the healthcare provider, there may be dietary restrictions before or after the procedure.

Choice B reason:

Encouraging fluid intake after the procedure is important because it helps to flush out the contrast dye used during the IVP. Adequate hydration can aid in the elimination of the dye and reduce the risk of kidney damage, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions.

Choice C reason:

This statement is incorrect. An IVP does not use high-frequency sound waves; it involves taking X-ray images of the urinary tract after a contrast dye is injected into a vein. The dye outlines the kidneys, ureters, and bladder on the X-ray images.

Choice D reason:

The presence of red blood cells in the urinalysis does not typically result in the cancellation of an IVP. However, certain conditions, such as an allergy to the contrast dye or severe kidney impairment, may contraindicate the use of an IVP.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Tennis may not be the best recommendation for someone with low back pain. The sport requires quick lateral movements, sudden stops, and starts, as well as repetitive twisting motions that can exacerbate back pain. While it provides good general exercise, the high-impact nature of tennis and the strain it puts on the back could potentially worsen the client's condition.

Choice B reason:

Canoeing involves repetitive rowing actions that can strain the lower back, especially if the individual does not use proper form. The seated position in a canoe may also put additional pressure on the lower back. Therefore, it might not be the most suitable activity for someone experiencing low back pain.

Choice C reason:

Rowing, similar to canoeing, can place stress on the lower back due to the repetitive motion and the need for strong engagement of the core muscles. If not performed with proper technique, rowing could lead to increased back pain and is not typically recommended for those with existing low back issues.

Choice D reason:

Swimming is often recommended for individuals with low back pain because it is a low-impact exercise that does not put additional stress on the spine. The buoyancy of the water supports the body, reducing the load on the back while allowing for a full range of motion. Swimming can help strengthen the back muscles and improve flexibility, making it a suitable activity for managing low back pain.

A. "It is caused by the lack of production of insulin by the pancreas." B. "It is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland." C. "It is caused by the overproduction of parathormone by the parathyroid gland." D. "It is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:
The lack of insulin production by the pancreas is related to diabetes mellitus, not Addison's disease. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, and its deficiency leads to diabetes, not Addison's disease.

Choice B reason:
The overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland leads to conditions such as acromegaly or gigantism, depending on the age at which the hormone levels become elevated. It is not related to Addison's disease, which involves the adrenal glands, not the pituitary gland.

Choice C reason:
The overproduction of parathormone by the parathyroid glands leads to hyperparathyroidism, which can cause a variety of symptoms including bone pain, kidney stones, and abdominal pain. This condition is not related to Addison's disease.

Choice D reason:
Addison's disease is indeed caused by the lack of production of hormones by the adrenal glands, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. Aldosterone helps to maintain blood pressure and the balance of sodium and potassium in the blood. When the adrenal glands do not produce enough aldosterone, it can lead to symptoms such as low blood pressure and salt cravings, which are characteristic of Addison's disease.

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