A nurse is teaching a client who has hepatitis A about preventing the transmission of the virus. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the teaching?
Wear barrier protection during vaginal intercourse.
Avoid sharing needles with others.
Avoid eating at fast food restaurants.
Practice effective hand hygiene.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Wearing barrier protection during vaginal intercourse is a general precaution to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including hepatitis B and C. However, hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, not sexual contact.
Choice B rationale
Avoiding needle sharing is critical for preventing the spread of bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B and C. While it is always good practice, hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through blood.
Choice C rationale
The suggestion to avoid eating at fast food restaurants does not directly relate to the prevention of hepatitis A. The virus is usually spread through contaminated food or water, so ensuring food safety is important, but singling out fast food restaurants is not necessary.
Choice D rationale
Practicing effective hand hygiene is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of hepatitis A. The virus can be spread through close contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water, so washing hands can significantly reduce the risk.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hemoglobin released from hemolyzed red blood cells (RBCs) can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury by obstructing the renal tubules and damaging the nephrons.
Choice B rationale
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a cause of postrenal, not intrarenal, acute kidney injury as it can obstruct the flow of urine out of the bladder.
Choice C rationale
Prostate cancer, similar to benign prostatic hyperplasia, typically leads to postrenal acute kidney injury due to urinary obstruction.
Choice D rationale
Myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells, as seen in conditions like rhabdomyolysis, can cause intrarenal acute kidney injury by precipitating in the renal tubules.
Choice E rationale
Nephrotoxins, such as certain medications, chemicals, or toxins, can directly damage the kidney tissue, leading to intrarenal acute kidney injury.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
This method is the standard procedure for obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen. The initial voiding washes away organisms near the meatus, and the midstream urine is less likely to be contaminated by bacteria from the skin or urethral area, providing a sample that more accurately represents the bacteria in the bladder.
Choice B rationale
Having the patient empty the bladder completely and then obtaining the next specimen does not ensure a clean-catch sample. This method could lead to contamination of the specimen with bacteria from the skin or urethral area.
Choice C rationale
Cleaning the area with povidone-iodine is not recommended for routine urine culture as it may kill some of the bacteria, leading to a false-negative result. The standard practice is to clean the area with mild soap and water.
Choice D rationale
Inserting a catheter is an invasive procedure and is not the first choice for obtaining a urine specimen. It is used when a patient is unable to provide a clean-catch specimen or if there are specific medical indications.
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