A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about the management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will need to massage my legs frequently to prevent a buildup of fluid."

"I will keep my legs in a dependent position."

"I will inspect my legs every day for changes in color, size, and temperature."

"I will decrease my activity to prevent added stress on my legs."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Massaging the legs frequently is not recommended for peripheral venous disease as it can dislodge clots that may be present, leading to serious complications.

Choice B rationale
Keeping the legs in a dependent position can worsen the symptoms of peripheral venous disease by increasing venous pressure and swelling.

Choice C rationale
Inspecting the legs daily for changes is a key part of self-management for peripheral venous disease. It helps in early detection of potential complications.

Choice D rationale
Decreasing activity is not advised unless specified by a healthcare provider. Regular activity can actually help improve circulation and manage symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Liver cirrhosis is the most common cause of esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which impedes blood flow through the portal vein, causing increased pressure (portal hypertension) and the development of collateral blood vessels (varices) as the body attempts to bypass the blockage.

Choice B rationale
Throat lacerations are not related to the development of esophageal varices or portal hypertension. They are typically acute injuries and do not cause the chronic changes seen in the vasculature associated with these conditions.

Choice C rationale
Kyphosis, a curvature of the spine, does not cause esophageal varices or portal hypertension. It is a structural skeletal condition and does not affect the vasculature of the esophagus or the portal venous system.

Choice D rationale
While squamous cell cancer can occur in the esophagus, it is not a typical cause of portal hypertension or esophageal varices. These varices are usually a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, not directly from a malignancy.

A. Elevated blood pressure B. Decreased respiratory rate C. Pitting edema D. Irregular pulse

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Elevated blood pressure is a common finding in cardiovascular conditions but is not specifically indicated by the presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, or an S3 gallop.

Choice B rationale
A decreased respiratory rate is not typically associated with the presence of crackles and dyspnea; these symptoms are more indicative of increased work of breathing and potential fluid overload.

Choice C rationale
Pitting edema is a classic sign of fluid retention, which can be associated with heart failure. The presence of crackles, dyspnea on exertion, and an S3 gallop are clinical indicators that suggest heart failure, making pitting edema a likely finding.

Choice D rationale
An irregular pulse may be found in various cardiac conditions but is not directly suggested by the symptoms described. The presence of an S3 gallop is more indicative of heart failure, which is commonly associated with fluid overload signs such as pitting edema.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about the management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient cardiologist's office. The client is alert and oriented. Lung sounds with crackles are heard bilaterally. Dyspnea is observed on exertion, and heart sounds reveal an S3 gallop. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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