A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Liver cirrhosis

Throat lacerations

Kyphosis

Squamous cell cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Liver cirrhosis is the most common cause of esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which impedes blood flow through the portal vein, causing increased pressure (portal hypertension) and the development of collateral blood vessels (varices) as the body attempts to bypass the blockage.

Choice B rationale
Throat lacerations are not related to the development of esophageal varices or portal hypertension. They are typically acute injuries and do not cause the chronic changes seen in the vasculature associated with these conditions.

Choice C rationale
Kyphosis, a curvature of the spine, does not cause esophageal varices or portal hypertension. It is a structural skeletal condition and does not affect the vasculature of the esophagus or the portal venous system.

Choice D rationale
While squamous cell cancer can occur in the esophagus, it is not a typical cause of portal hypertension or esophageal varices. These varices are usually a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, not directly from a malignancy.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While infections can occur in IBD, the primary goal is not to combat infection but to manage the underlying inflammation¹.

Choice B rationale

Controlling inflammation is a key treatment goal in IBD to alleviate symptoms and induce and maintain remission².

Choice C rationale

Correcting and preventing malnutrition is essential in IBD management due to potential nutrient absorption issues¹.

Choice D rationale

Increasing stress is not a treatment goal for IBD. In fact, reducing stress can help manage IBD symptoms².

Choice E rationale

While IBD currently has no cure, the goals are to manage symptoms, induce remission, and improve quality of life².

A. Restricting airplane travel B. Driving restrictions C. Time constraints D. Limiting social activities to twice a week E. Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus F. Restricting fluid intake

Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Restricting airplane travel is not typically necessary for patients on hemodialysis unless there are specific medical concerns or complications related to their condition.

Choice B rationale
Driving restrictions are not a standard restriction for patients with end-stage kidney disease unless there are other underlying conditions that impair the ability to drive safely.

Choice C rationale
Time constraints are a significant factor for patients on hemodialysis due to the frequent and lengthy treatment sessions, which can limit their availability for other activities.

Choice D rationale
Limiting social activities to twice a week is not a standard recommendation; social interactions are important for mental health and should be encouraged as much as the patient's health allows.

Choice E rationale
Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus is crucial for patients with end-stage kidney disease to help manage electrolyte levels and prevent complications.

Choice F rationale

Restricting fluid intake is essential for patients on hemodialysis to prevent fluid overload, which can lead to heart failure and other serious health issues.

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A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 42-year-old patient is newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The patient asks, "Can this be cured?" Which of the following treatment goals are appropriate for a patient with IBD? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease and will soon begin hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse discuss with the client that may impact their quality of life? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]

Explanation

Which finding in the patient's history increases the risk for acute pancreatitis?

Which laboratory finding indicates the resolution of a patient's acute pancreatitis?

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After assessing a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC), the nurse concludes that the patient has moderate disease. Which patient symptoms support the nurse's conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

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