A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Liver cirrhosis

Throat lacerations

Kyphosis

Squamous cell cancer

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Liver cirrhosis is the most common cause of esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Cirrhosis leads to scarring of the liver, which impedes blood flow through the portal vein, causing increased pressure (portal hypertension) and the development of collateral blood vessels (varices) as the body attempts to bypass the blockage.

Choice B rationale
Throat lacerations are not related to the development of esophageal varices or portal hypertension. They are typically acute injuries and do not cause the chronic changes seen in the vasculature associated with these conditions.

Choice C rationale
Kyphosis, a curvature of the spine, does not cause esophageal varices or portal hypertension. It is a structural skeletal condition and does not affect the vasculature of the esophagus or the portal venous system.

Choice D rationale
While squamous cell cancer can occur in the esophagus, it is not a typical cause of portal hypertension or esophageal varices. These varices are usually a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, not directly from a malignancy.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While family history can contribute to the risk of developing certain conditions, it is not a direct risk factor for peptic ulcer disease.

Choice B rationale

A long-term smoking history is a known risk factor for peptic ulcer disease as it can increase gastric acid secretion and reduce the production of substances that protect the stomach lining.

Choice C rationale

The client denies alcohol use; therefore, it is not a contributing risk factor in this case. However, alcohol use is generally a risk factor for PUD due to its irritating effect on the stomach lining.

Choice D rationale
Being positive for Helicobacter pylori is one of the strongest risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. This bacterium damages the protective mucosal layer of the stomach and duodenum, leading to chronic inflammation and allowing acid to injure the underlying tissue. It is the leading cause of most gastric and duodenal ulcers worldwide.

Choice E rationale

NSAID use is a well-established risk factor for peptic ulcer disease as these medications can disrupt the protective lining of the stomach, leading to ulcers.

A. Obtain orders from the health care provider to discontinue catheters as soon as possible. B. Remind clients to urinate right away when they have an urge and to completely empty their bladder. C. Promote perineal care that includes wiping the perineum from front to back. D. Encourage continuing prescribed antibiotics even if the client's symptoms have subsided. E. Encourage adequate fluid intake every day if appropriate.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Removing catheters as soon as they are no longer necessary can significantly reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)¹.

Choice B rationale

While it is important for clients to urinate when they feel the urge, this practice alone is not specifically targeted at reducing the rate of urinary tract infections.

Choice C rationale

Teaching proper perineal care, including wiping from front to back, can help prevent the spread of bacteria to the urethra and reduce the risk of UTIs¹.

Choice D rationale

Continuing prescribed antibiotics until the full course is completed, even if symptoms improve, is crucial to ensure all bacteria are eliminated and to prevent antibiotic resistance³.

Choice E rationale

Adequate fluid intake helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, which can decrease the incidence of UTIs¹.

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A patient is admitted with esophageal varices and portal hypertension. Which underlying cause of these conditions would the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

In an effort to decrease the rate of urinary tract infections, which of the following should the nurse manager teach the nursing staff? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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