A nurse in the outpatient setting is evaluating a client with new chronic renal failure. The client has many questions about diet and prevention of complications.
(Select All that Apply.)
Calcium
Calories
Phosphorus
Sodium
Protein
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Calcium: Clients with CKD may have low calcium levels due to impaired vitamin D metabolism; calcium may need to be supplemented, not restricted.
B. Calories: Clients need sufficient calories to prevent catabolism. Calorie intake is typically maintained or increased, not restricted.
C. Phosphorus: Phosphorus builds up in CKD, leading to bone disorders and vascular calcification; must be limited.
D. Sodium: Sodium contributes to fluid retention and hypertension, which are problematic in CKD.
E. Protein: Protein intake is moderated (especially in non-dialysis clients) to reduce nitrogenous waste buildup, though dialysis clients may need more.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperkalemia: In AKI, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium efficiently, leading to elevated potassium levels.
B. Hypernatremia: More common in dehydration but not typically associated with prerenal AKI, where sodium may actually be low due to dilution.
C. Hypophosphatemia: Phosphate tends to increase due to impaired excretion in AKI, not decrease.
D. Hypercalcemia: Calcium levels tend to decrease in AKI due to phosphate retention and reduced vitamin D activation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hamburger on a bun and a banana: Bananas are high in potassium, which must be restricted in CKD. Processed hamburger meat may also be high in sodium and phosphorus.
B. Spaghetti and meat sauce with breadsticks: Pasta and meat sauce are generally low in potassium and phosphorus if made without salt substitutes. Breadsticks are low in potassium.
C. Carrots and spinach: Spinach is high in potassium and phosphorus. Cooked carrots are borderline and must be portion-controlled.
D. Cold cuts with bun and fresh pears: Cold cuts are typically high in sodium and phosphorus. Pears are generally acceptable, but the entire meal is unsuitable due to the cold cuts.
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