A mother of a 3-hour-old infant requests information concerning breastfeeding.
The mother has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).A nurse’s response should be based on which fact?
The breast milk can be sterilized to kill the HIV virus, then bottle-fed to the infant.
Colostrum should be expressed and analyzed for the presence of the HIV virus prior to breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding may be initiated if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.
Breastfeeding may be a mode of transmission of the HIV virus.
The Correct Answer is D
This is based on the fact that HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and is spread through certain body fluids, including breast milk. Perinatal transmission can occur during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. Treatment for HIV (antiretroviral therapy, or ART) substantially reduces the risk of perinatal transmission.
Choice A is wrong because sterilizing breast milk does not kill the HIV virus.
Choice B is wrong because colostrum can also contain the HIV virus and testing it is not feasible or reliable.
Choice C is wrong because breastfeeding may still pose a risk of HIV transmission even if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.
The current recommendation in the United States supports shared decision-making between mothers and their healthcare providers regarding infant feeding. Mothers who have questions about breastfeeding or who want to breastfeed should receive patient-centered, evidence-based counseling on infant feeding options, allowing for shared decision-making.
Counseling should begin before conception, or as early as possible in pregnancy and should be
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This is because the patient is experiencing supine hypotension syndrome, which occurs when the weight of the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava and reduces venous return and cardiac output. Turning the patient onto her side will relieve the pressure and improve blood flow.
Choice A is wrong because taking the patient’s blood pressure will not address the cause of her symptoms and may delay appropriate intervention.
Choice B is wrong because breathing into her cupped hands will not improve her circulation and may increase her carbon dioxide levels.
Choice D is wrong because elevating the patient’s legs will not relieve the compression of the inferior vena cava and may worsen her condition.Normal blood pressure for a pregnant woman is 110/70 to 120/80 mmHg.Normal heart rate for a pregnant woman is 60 to 90 beats per minute.Normal respiratory rate for a pregnant woman is 16 to 24 breaths per minute.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is choice D. If the client feels like she has butterflies in her stomach, it means her baby is moving.
This is a normal and expected change during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters.The baby’s movements can be felt as flutters, kicks, or rolls.
Choice A is wrong because spotting of blood on the underwear is not a normal change during pregnancy.
It can indicate a problem such as placenta previa, placental abruption, or miscarriage.Any bleeding during pregnancy should be reported to the health care provider.
Choice B is wrong because clear fluid leaking from the vagina is not a normal change during pregnancy.
It can indicate that the membranes have ruptured and amniotic fluid is escaping.
This can lead to infection and preterm labor if not treated promptly.Any fluid leakage during pregnancy should be reported to the health care provider.
Choice C is wrong because dark patches on the face are not a sign of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
They are called melasma or chloasma and are caused by increased pigmentation due to hormonal changes.They usually fade after delivery and are not harmful.High blood pressure during pregnancy can cause symptoms such as headache, blurred vision, swelling, and protein in the urine.
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