A mother of a 3-hour-old infant requests information concerning breastfeeding.
The mother has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).A nurse’s response should be based on which fact?
The breast milk can be sterilized to kill the HIV virus, then bottle-fed to the infant.
Colostrum should be expressed and analyzed for the presence of the HIV virus prior to breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding may be initiated if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.
Breastfeeding may be a mode of transmission of the HIV virus.
The Correct Answer is D
This is based on the fact that HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and is spread through certain body fluids, including breast milk. Perinatal transmission can occur during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. Treatment for HIV (antiretroviral therapy, or ART) substantially reduces the risk of perinatal transmission.
Choice A is wrong because sterilizing breast milk does not kill the HIV virus.
Choice B is wrong because colostrum can also contain the HIV virus and testing it is not feasible or reliable.
Choice C is wrong because breastfeeding may still pose a risk of HIV transmission even if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.
The current recommendation in the United States supports shared decision-making between mothers and their healthcare providers regarding infant feeding. Mothers who have questions about breastfeeding or who want to breastfeed should receive patient-centered, evidence-based counseling on infant feeding options, allowing for shared decision-making.
Counseling should begin before conception, or as early as possible in pregnancy and should be
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
This is because circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves cutting off the foreskin of the penis, which may affect the urinary function of the baby.The nurse should make sure that the baby can urinate normally and without pain after the circumcision.
The amount of urine should be adequate for the baby’s weight and hydration status.
Choice B is wrong because the erectile ability of the penis is not affected by circumcision and is not a priority for discharge planning.
Choice C is wrong because the position of the urethral opening on the penis is not related to circumcision and should be assessed at birth, not at discharge.
Choice D is wrong because the presence of a small amount of white-yellow exudate around the glans tissue is normal and expected after circumcision.It is part of the healing process and does not indicate infection.The nurse should instruct the parents on how to care for the circumcised penis and when to seek medical attention if there are signs of complications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. The woman’s temperature will increase when she is ovulating.This is because ovulation is triggered by a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), which also causes a slight rise in basal body temperature (BBT).By measuring her BBT every morning before getting out of bed, the woman can detect this subtle change and identify her fertile window.
Choice A is wrong because ovulation typically occurs around 14 days before the next menstrual period, not seven days after the previous one.
The length of the menstrual cycle can vary from woman to woman, so counting days is not a reliable method of predicting ovulation.
Choice B is wrong because cervical mucus will appear clear, slippery and stretchy when the woman is ovulating, not tacky and cloudy.
This type of mucus helps sperm swim and survive in the reproductive tract.
The woman can check her cervical mucus by wiping with toilet paper or inserting a finger into her vagina.
Choice D is wrong because abdominal massage of the ovaries will not stimulate ovulation, and may even cause harm by injuring the delicate tissues or introducing infection.
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