A mother of a 3-hour-old infant requests information concerning breastfeeding.
The mother has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).A nurse’s response should be based on which fact?
The breast milk can be sterilized to kill the HIV virus, then bottle-fed to the infant.
Colostrum should be expressed and analyzed for the presence of the HIV virus prior to breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding may be initiated if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.
Breastfeeding may be a mode of transmission of the HIV virus.
The Correct Answer is D
This is based on the fact that HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and is spread through certain body fluids, including breast milk. Perinatal transmission can occur during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. Treatment for HIV (antiretroviral therapy, or ART) substantially reduces the risk of perinatal transmission.
Choice A is wrong because sterilizing breast milk does not kill the HIV virus.
Choice B is wrong because colostrum can also contain the HIV virus and testing it is not feasible or reliable.
Choice C is wrong because breastfeeding may still pose a risk of HIV transmission even if the infant is determined to be HIV positive.
The current recommendation in the United States supports shared decision-making between mothers and their healthcare providers regarding infant feeding. Mothers who have questions about breastfeeding or who want to breastfeed should receive patient-centered, evidence-based counseling on infant feeding options, allowing for shared decision-making.
Counseling should begin before conception, or as early as possible in pregnancy and should be
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is choice D. Encourage the client to drink cold, carbonated fluids throughout the day.This helps to relieve the shoulder pain caused by the carbon dioxide gas used to inflate the abdomen during laparoscopy.
The gas irritates the diaphragm, which refers pain to the shoulder.Drinking cold, carbonated fluids can help expel the gas and reduce the pain.
Choice A is wrong because an abdominal binder is not necessary for a laparoscopic procedure.It is more commonly used for abdominal surgeries that involve a large incision.
Choice B is wrong because a rocking chair is not helpful for a client who had a laparoscopic BTL.It is more useful for a client who had a vaginal delivery to promote comfort and uterine involution.
Choice C is wrong because keeping the head of the bed flat for six hours is not indicated for a laparoscopic BTL.It may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism due to prolonged immobility.The client should be encouraged to ambulate as soon as possible after surgery.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. Stretching your legs and pointing your toes toward your knee will bring relief from the leg cramps.This is because stretching can help relax the muscle and ease the spasm.
Choice A is wrong because elevating your legs may not help with leg cramps, and may actually worsen them by reducing blood flow to the muscles.
Choice B is wrong because massaging your legs may not be enough to relieve the cramps, and may also cause more pain if done too hard or too fast.
Choice D is wrong because putting a cold compress on the calf of your leg may not be effective for leg cramps, and may also cause more discomfort or inflammation.
Leg cramps are common during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimester.They are caused by various factors, such as pregnancy weight gain, changes in blood circulation, pressure on the nerves and blood vessels, nutrient deficiency, lack of exercise, or fluid buildup in your legs.To prevent or reduce leg cramps, you should drink plenty of water, stay active, eat a balanced diet rich in calcium, magnesium, and potassium, avoid standing or sitting for long periods of time, wear comfortable shoes and socks, and sleep on your left side with a pillow under or between your legs.
If leg cramps persist or become severe, you should consult your healthcare provider for possible treatment options.
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