A client with a cold sore on the lip has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. Which neurological disorder may the client be at risk for in the future?

Myasthenia gravis

Multiple sclerosis

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Bell's palsy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. It is not directly related to HSV infection.
B.   Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to demyelination of nerve fibers. While the exact cause of MS is not completely understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HSV is not directly associated with the development of MS.
C.   Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune condition that affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. GBS is often preceded by an infection, and while it is most commonly associated with infections like Campylobacter jejuni, other infections, including HSV, have also been implicated as potential triggers for GBS.
D.   Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis or weakness due to inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). HSV has been identified as a potential cause of Bell's palsy, as the virus can lead to inflammation of the facial nerve.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B. Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C. Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D. Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

A. "Many people experience an age-related decline in their hearing." B. "You will need to get hearing aids in order to function in society." C. "This is often due to an infection that will resolve on its own." D. This is likely an effect of your medications. Try stopping them for a few days."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbycusis, is a common condition among older adults. It typically involves a gradual decline in hearing ability due to changes in the inner ear or auditory nerve as people age. This statement acknowledges a common experience and helps normalize the patient's condition without suggesting immediate medical intervention or attributing it to something specific.
B. While hearing aids can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss, not all cases immediately require them. It’s important to assess the severity of hearing loss and discuss various options with the patient, including potential benefits and drawbacks of hearing aids.
C. Hearing loss that develops gradually over time is usually related to aging, not an infection. While infections can cause temporary hearing loss, age-related hearing loss is a different issue and is typically not due to an infection.
D. While some medications can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss as a side effect (a condition known as ototoxicity), it’s important to consult a healthcare provider before making any changes to medication regimens.

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A client with a cold sore on the lip has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. Which neurological disorder may the client be at risk for in the future?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is providing care for a geriatric patient with loss of hearing acuity over the past several years. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A female client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) asks the nurse about pregnancy and lupus. Which information should the nurse include when educating the client?

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