Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

A client who is being treated for otitis media

A client who has experienced an injury to the eardrum

A client who works in a loud environment

A client whose ear canal is impacted with wax

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. This condition primarily affects the middle ear structures and can cause conductive hearing loss, which is due to problems with sound transmission through the outer or middle ear.
B.   An injury to the eardrum, such as a perforation, can lead to conductive hearing loss. This occurs because the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is crucial for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear. While an eardrum injury affects sound transmission, it does not directly damage the inner ear or auditory nerve, so it does not typically cause sensorineural hearing loss.
C.   Exposure to loud noise is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Prolonged or intense noise exposure can damage the sensory hair cells in the cochlea or the auditory nerve pathways, leading to permanent hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than the outer or middle ear structures.
D.   Impacted earwax can cause conductive hearing loss by blocking sound transmission through the ear canal. This type of hearing loss is due to a blockage and is usually reversible once the wax is removed. It does not cause sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. It is not directly related to HSV infection.
B. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to demyelination of nerve fibers. While the exact cause of MS is not completely understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HSV is not directly associated with the development of MS.
C. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune condition that affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. GBS is often preceded by an infection, and while it is most commonly associated with infections like Campylobacter jejuni, other infections, including HSV, have also been implicated as potential triggers for GBS.
D. Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis or weakness due to inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). HSV has been identified as a potential cause of Bell's palsy, as the virus can lead to inflammation of the facial nerve.

A. Mucositis and diarrhea B. Nausea and vomiting C. Fever and chills D. Alopecia and weight loss

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Mucositis and diarrhea are side effects commonly associated with chemotherapy but are not directly related to myelosuppression. These symptoms are due to the impact of chemotherapy on rapidly dividing cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
B. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of chemotherapy, primarily due to the treatment's impact on the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.
C. Fever and chills are manifestations directly related to myelosuppression. Myelosuppression leads to a decrease in white blood cells (leukocytes), which compromises the immune system. This increased susceptibility to infection can result in symptoms such as fever and chills. These symptoms are indicative of potential infections or sepsis, which are more common in patients with compromised immune systems due to myelosuppression.

D. Alopecia (hair loss) and weight loss are common side effects of chemotherapy, but they are not directly related to myelosuppression. Alopecia results from the effects of chemotherapy on rapidly dividing hair follicle cells, while weight loss can be a consequence of changes in metabolism or appetite due to chemotherapy.

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Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

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