Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

A client who is being treated for otitis media

A client who has experienced an injury to the eardrum

A client who works in a loud environment

A client whose ear canal is impacted with wax

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. This condition primarily affects the middle ear structures and can cause conductive hearing loss, which is due to problems with sound transmission through the outer or middle ear.
B.   An injury to the eardrum, such as a perforation, can lead to conductive hearing loss. This occurs because the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is crucial for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear. While an eardrum injury affects sound transmission, it does not directly damage the inner ear or auditory nerve, so it does not typically cause sensorineural hearing loss.
C.   Exposure to loud noise is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Prolonged or intense noise exposure can damage the sensory hair cells in the cochlea or the auditory nerve pathways, leading to permanent hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than the outer or middle ear structures.
D.   Impacted earwax can cause conductive hearing loss by blocking sound transmission through the ear canal. This type of hearing loss is due to a blockage and is usually reversible once the wax is removed. It does not cause sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing the consequences of an existing disease or condition. The hepatitis B vaccination prevents the disease from occurring in the first place.
B. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or condition. The hepatitis B vaccination is a classic example of primary prevention, as it protects individuals from contracting the virus.
C. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease or condition. The hepatitis B vaccination is not intended for the early detection or treatment of an existing infection.
D. The hepatitis B vaccination is not a treatment for hepatitis B. It is a preventative measure to protect individuals from contracting the virus.

A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Urea D. Creatinine

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can occur in chronic kidney disease, as the kidneys struggle to excrete potassium. However, hyperkalemia does not typically cause visible crystals on the skin. It is more associated with cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness rather than skin manifestations.
B. Sodium imbalance is common in chronic kidney disease, often leading to fluid retention and hypertension. However, excess sodium does not result in crystal formation on the skin. Sodium issues are more related to fluid balance and blood pressure, not external crystalline deposits.
C. Urea is a waste product formed from the breakdown of proteins and is normally excreted by the kidneys. In chronic kidney disease, urea accumulates in the blood (uremia) because the kidneys cannot effectively filter it out. Urea can be deposited on the skin and form crystals, leading to a condition known as "uremic frost." This is often observed on the forehead or other areas of the skin and is a direct result of excess urea in the body.

D. Creatinine is another waste product filtered by the kidneys. Elevated levels indicate impaired kidney function, but creatinine itself does not form visible crystals on the skin. Elevated creatinine levels are primarily used as an indicator of kidney function rather than a cause of external skin manifestations.

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Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nursing student preparing for his first clinical rotation must receive a hepatitis B vaccination series prior to attending clinicals. The nursing student understands that this is

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease and notes that the client has small crystals on his forehead. The nurse understands that this manifestation is a result of an excess of which substance in the body?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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