Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

A client who is being treated for otitis media

A client who has experienced an injury to the eardrum

A client who works in a loud environment

A client whose ear canal is impacted with wax

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. This condition primarily affects the middle ear structures and can cause conductive hearing loss, which is due to problems with sound transmission through the outer or middle ear.
B.   An injury to the eardrum, such as a perforation, can lead to conductive hearing loss. This occurs because the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is crucial for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear. While an eardrum injury affects sound transmission, it does not directly damage the inner ear or auditory nerve, so it does not typically cause sensorineural hearing loss.
C.   Exposure to loud noise is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Prolonged or intense noise exposure can damage the sensory hair cells in the cochlea or the auditory nerve pathways, leading to permanent hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than the outer or middle ear structures.
D.   Impacted earwax can cause conductive hearing loss by blocking sound transmission through the ear canal. This type of hearing loss is due to a blockage and is usually reversible once the wax is removed. It does not cause sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B. Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C. Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D. Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

A. Pneumothorax B. Hyperinflation C. Masses D. Atelectasis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, occurs when air enters the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. While a pneumothorax can be a serious issue, it is not a typical finding associated with advanced COPD.
B. Hyperinflation is a hallmark finding of advanced COPD. It occurs when air becomes trapped in the lungs due to obstructed airways and damaged alveoli, leading to increased lung volumes and overexpansion of the lungs. On a chest X-ray, hyperinflation appears as an increased retrosternal air space, flattened diaphragm, and possibly increased lung volumes.
C. The presence of masses on a chest X-ray might suggest malignancies or other lung pathologies, but it is not a typical finding in COPD. While lung cancer can co-occur with COPD, masses themselves are not a direct indicator of COPD but rather a potential separate issue that would need further evaluation.
D. Atelectasis refers to the collapse of lung tissue due to loss of air in the alveoli, which can occur from various causes including obstruction or compression of the lung. While atelectasis can be seen in various pulmonary conditions, it is not specific to advanced COPD.

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Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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