A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Which finding is consistent with known risk factors for this disease?

The client is of Asian descent.

The client's water source comes from a well.

The client worked in agriculture.

The client is military veteran.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Ethnicity alone is not a known risk factor for ALS. ALS has a relatively uniform incidence across different ethnic groups. Studies have not demonstrated a significant correlation between ALS and being of Asian descent specifically.

B.   There is limited evidence suggesting that consuming well water could be associated with an increased risk of ALS, particularly if the well water is contaminated with certain toxins or heavy metals. However, this is not a widely established risk factor and is less directly linked to ALS compared to other known risk factors.
C.   Working in agriculture has been identified as a potential risk factor for ALS. Agricultural workers are often exposed to various environmental toxins, pesticides, and herbicides, which have been associated with an increased risk of developing ALS. This occupational exposure is considered a significant risk factor for the disease.
D.   Military veterans are known to have an increased risk of developing ALS. Several studies have shown that veterans, particularly those who served in combat or were exposed to specific environmental hazards during their service, have a higher incidence of ALS compared to the general population.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing the consequences of an existing disease or condition. The hepatitis B vaccination prevents the disease from occurring in the first place.
B. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or condition. The hepatitis B vaccination is a classic example of primary prevention, as it protects individuals from contracting the virus.
C. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease or condition. The hepatitis B vaccination is not intended for the early detection or treatment of an existing infection.
D. The hepatitis B vaccination is not a treatment for hepatitis B. It is a preventative measure to protect individuals from contracting the virus.

A. Laparoscopic splenectomy B. Transfusion of platelets C. Replacement of ADAMTS-13 D. Administration of protamine sulfate

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Laparoscopic splenectomy involves the surgical removal of the spleen. The spleen is an organ where platelets are often destroyed in ITP. Removing the spleen can reduce the destruction of platelets and potentially improve platelet counts. This procedure is considered when medical therapy fails to adequately control the condition and is often effective in increasing platelet counts for many patients with chronic ITP.
B. Transfusion of platelets is generally not effective in ITP because the underlying problem is that the platelets are being destroyed by the immune system. Platelet transfusions may provide a temporary increase in platelet count but do not address the underlying cause of platelet destruction.
C. ADAMTS-13 is a von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), not ITP. Replacement of ADAMTS-13 is relevant for treating TTP, a different condition that also involves thrombocytopenia but has a different pathophysiology.
D. Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant. It is not used to treat ITP and does not affect platelet destruction or platelet count. This procedure is not relevant to the management of ITP.

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A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Which finding is consistent with known risk factors for this disease?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nursing student preparing for his first clinical rotation must receive a hepatitis B vaccination series prior to attending clinicals. The nursing student understands that this is

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Despite medication therapy, the client's platelet count remains low. Which of the following procedures would reduce the destruction of platelets for a client who has ITP?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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