Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Pyridostigmine

Levodopa-carbidopa

Riluzole

Interferon-beta

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B.   Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C.   Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D.   Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Spinach is known to be high in oxalates. Oxalates are compounds that can bind with calcium in the urine, forming calcium oxalate stones, which are the most common type of kidney stones. For clients with a history of kidney stones related to high oxalate intake, it is crucial to limit or avoid high-oxalate foods such as spinach to reduce the risk of further stone formation.
B. Anchovies are not particularly high in oxalates. They are more commonly associated with other nutritional considerations, such as being a good source of omega-3 fatty acids and protein. While anchovies are not a significant source of oxalates, they are not a primary concern for those needing to manage oxalate intake.
C. Organ meats, such as liver and kidneys, are not known for high oxalate content. They are high in other nutrients and substances but do not significantly contribute to oxalate levels in the urine. Therefore, avoiding organ meats is not typically necessary for managing oxalate levels.
D. Milk is not high in oxalates. In fact, dairy products are a good source of calcium, which can help bind oxalates in the gut and reduce their absorption. For individuals managing oxalate levels, increasing calcium intake from dairy products can be beneficial. Milk and other dairy products are generally not restricted in a diet aimed at reducing oxalate intake.

A. Retinal detachment B. Cataracts C. Age-related macular degeneration D. Open-angle glaucoma

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Floaters and flashes of light are classic symptoms of retinal detachment. When the retina begins to detach from the underlying tissue, it can cause these visual disturbances. Floaters are small, shadowy shapes that move across the field of vision, while flashes of light can occur due to the retina being stretched or pulled.
B. Cataracts primarily cause blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, and sensitivity to light, rather than floaters or flashes of light.
C. AMD generally affects central vision and can cause symptoms such as distorted vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and a loss of central vision. While AMD can cause vision changes, it is not typically associated with seeing floaters and flashes of light.
D. Open-angle glaucoma usually progresses slowly and is often asymptomatic in its early stages. It primarily affects peripheral vision, leading to a gradual loss of vision in the periphery.

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Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has had recurrent kidney stones. Upon lab analysis of the client's urine, it is found that excessive oxalate intake is the underlying cause. Which of the following high-oxalate foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with diabetes and hypertension describes seeing "floaters" and flashes of light in their field of vision. The nurse understands that this description is indicative of which disorder?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a bilateral adrenalectomy. The nurse monitors for which of the following signs of Addisonian crisis?

A nurse is admitting a client who is experiencing an Addisonian crisis. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate an order for?

A female client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) asks the nurse about pregnancy and lupus. Which information should the nurse include when educating the client?

A nurse in a pulmonology clinic is preparing a client for spirometry testing. Which question should the nurse ask the client during the preparation for this test?

Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

A miotic medication has been prescribed for a client with acute angle-closure glaucoma. The client asks the nurse about the purpose of the medication. Which response should the nurse provide to the client?