Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Pyridostigmine

Levodopa-carbidopa

Riluzole

Interferon-beta

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B.   Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C.   Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D.   Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}

Explanation

Peritonitis
Peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), often related to peritoneal dialysis. It can present with abdominal pain, fever, rigidity, and rebound tenderness,
consistent with the client’s symptoms. Cloudy effluent is also a common sign of peritoneal dialysis- related peritonitis.

Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis is a type of dialysis that uses the peritoneum (abdominal lining) to filter blood. If there is an issue with the dialysis process, it could lead to complications such as peritonitis. This is consistent with the client's symptoms, such as abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and cloudy effluent.

A. Tachycardia B. Anxiety C. Hypotension D. Loud expiratory wheezing

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) can occur in response to hypoxia (low oxygen levels), stress, or as a side effect of medications like albuterol. While tachycardia is a concerning sign in the context of an asthma exacerbation, it alone does not directly indicate the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation. It is often managed by addressing the underlying respiratory distress and improving oxygenation.
B. Anxiety is common in patients struggling to breathe, as they may feel frightened or panicked due to their difficulty breathing. However, anxiety itself is not an indicator for intubation and mechanical ventilation. It is a symptom of respiratory distress but does not directly assess the severity of the physiological need for mechanical support.
C. Hypotension (low blood pressure) in the context of an asthma exacerbation can be a sign of severe illness, possibly indicating shock or severe respiratory distress leading to reduced cardiac output. While hypotension is a serious concern, it is less directly related to the immediate need for intubation and mechanical ventilation compared to other indicators of respiratory failure.
D. Loud expiratory wheezing indicates significant airway obstruction but does not necessarily reflect the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Wheezing can be a sign of severe asthma but may not be sufficient on its own to necessitate intubation if the patient can still maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation.

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Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a 44-year-old female client in the emergency department. Exhibits Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. The client is experiencing caused by

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has inflammation of the glomeruli which was discovered by a routine urinalysis. The nurse understands that which of the following autoimmune disorders can cause chronic glomerulonephritis?

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